英国新闻听力 奥巴马解雇石油勘探监管负责人

President Obama has announced a shake-up of the offshore¹ oil industry after the Gulf² of Mexico oil spill. He's halted exploratory deep water drilling for another six months, and suspended test drilling on 33 rigs in the Gulf of Mexico. He’s also dismissed the head of the government agency monitoring offshore drilling, as Mark Mardell reports from Washington.

President Obama has sacked the head of the government body that oversees³ the safety of rigs and ordered to stop the plans for new deep water drilling in the seas around the United States for six months, while a presidential commission prepares its report into the accident. Shell had planed to start drilling in shallow water of Alaska in the summer; that’s been stopped temporarily, too. Proposals to drill off Virginia had been cancelled for good, partly because of objections by the Defence Department which has a big naval⁴ base in the area.

The oil company responsible for the Gulf of Mexico spillage, BP, is still pumping mud to try to plug the hole in the damaged well. Government scientists say that up to three million liters of oil a day are being gushing⁵ out of the broken pipe, at least three times more than BP’s original estimate. Eleven workers were killed in the initial explosion five weeks ago on the rig.

United States has unveiled its long-term security strategy. In the new document, President Obama’s administration pledges more diplomatic efforts to reverse the spread of nuclear arms. It says that it will work with China in matters of mutual⁶ interest but will also monitor Beijing's military development. Madeleine Morris has more from Washington.

Diplomacy⁷ and development as tools for security find a new prominence⁸ in President Obama’s first National Security Strategy. Out is the phrase “war on terror”, instead the strategy refers explicitly⁹ to combating al-Qaeda and its affiliates¹⁰. And for the first time fighting the threat of home-grown terrorism receives serious attention, following a number of attempted unsuccessful attacks by American citizens on American soil. The strategy also focuses on Iran and North Korea, saying the US will use multiple means to isolate¹¹ the two countries over their nuclear ambitions.

The Jamaican government says that at least 73 civilians¹² are now known to have been killed in clashes in the capital Kingston. The Security Forces have been going from house to house in the Tivoli Gardens area of Kingston, searching for Christopher “Dudus” Coke who’s wanted in the US on drug and gun-running charges. Nick Davis has been in Tivoli Gardens.

During a walk-around of the area, I spoke¹³ to people in the community. They claimed the military had killed and arrested a large number of innocent people. There were hardly any men. Some 560 people have been arrested in the last few days. There were bullet holes in some of the buildings and trucks have been used to remove the last of the barriers erected¹⁴ by gunmen to stop the Security Forces. The police say they’ve recovered the bodies of 73 civilians and found nearly 8,000 rounds of ammunition¹⁵.

Members of an indigenous¹⁶ community in Bolivia say they’ve lynched four policemen in the province of Potosi. They accused the policemen who belonged to a unit tackling car theft of extortion. The area is a well-known smuggling¹⁷ route for cars from neighboring Chile. A local police chief said the group had threatened to lynch anyone trying to retrieve¹⁸ the bodies.

A video has been posted on the internet showing members of the Russian Parliament rushing around the chamber¹⁹, voting on behalf of absent colleagues. The footage shows the chamber was rows and rows of empty seats with only a few deputies present, some of them reading newspapers. But when voting time comes, the deputies dash from empty desk to empty desk, pressing the electronic voting buttons.

The European football authorities have approved new financial rules designed to stop clubs spending more than they earn. UEFA which governs the sport in Europe will monitor clubs’ finances over a three-year period to make sure they comply. Our sports correspondent Alex Capstick reports.

UEFA is determined²⁰ to limit the lavish²¹ spending which has become such a feature of the game. A recent report found that half of Europe's leading clubs were losing money, and 20% faced huge deficits²². Under the new rules, they will have to break even. Clubs will not be allowed to spend more money than they generate. Rich benefactors²³ will no longer be allowed to subsidize expensive transfers and salaries. Those clubs which consistently operate outside the parameters²⁴ will be barred from European competitions.

South Africa's trade union federation²⁵ has threatened to strike during the Football World Cup. The unions want recent electricity price rises reversed. The Secretary General of the Congress of South Africa Trade Unions, Zwelinzima Vavi, said key talks were due on June 14th during the first week of the World Cup. In the separate development, the country’s Transport Union, Transnet, said it had accepted a new wage deal and would end the three-week strike which has affected²⁶ ports on the rail network.

墨西哥湾漏油事件过后，奥巴马总统宣布了震惊近海石油行业的消息。他宣布停止深海钻探六个月的时间，并暂停墨西哥湾33个钻塔的钻孔测验工作。奥巴马还解雇了负责监控近海石油开采的政府机构负责人。Mark Mardell在华盛顿报道。

奥巴马总统解雇了负责监管钻塔安全的政府机构负责人，并命令停止墨西哥沿海深海石油勘测计划六个月的时间。总统委员会正在针对该事故进行调查报告。壳牌石油原本计划今年夏季在阿拉斯加浅水区开始钻探，也必须暂时停止。在佛吉尼亚水域进行开采的提议被永久性的取消，部分原因是由于国防部的反对。国防部在该地区拥有一个大型海军基地。

为墨西哥漏油事件负责的英国石油公司仍在努力泵入泥浆，试图堵塞损坏的钻井。政府科学家表示，破裂的管道中每天流出300万升石油。至少是BP最初估计的三倍。五周前钻塔最初爆炸造成11名工作人员死亡。

美国披露了长期安全战略。在这份新的文件中，奥巴马政府承诺在逆转核武器扩散方面进行更多外交方面的努力。奥巴马政府表示，美国将基于共同利益与中国合作，但是也将监视北京方面的军事发展。Madeleine Morris在华盛顿报道详细内容。

在奥巴马政府第一份国家安全战略中，外交和发展作为安全工具获得了新的重视。“反恐战争”这个词语不复存在，该战略明确地以打击基地组织及其党羽来取代。由美国公民在美国本土制造了几次袭击未遂事件之后，打击本土恐怖主义威胁首次获得了高度关注。该战略还集中在伊朗和朝鲜方面，称美国将会采取多种方法来孤立这两个国家，抑制他们的核野心。

牙买加政府表示，在首都金斯顿的冲突中，已有至少73名平民死亡。安全力量在金斯顿提沃利花园逐家搜索大毒枭寇克。由于走私毒品和枪支，寇克受到美国当局的通缉。Nick Davis在提沃利花园报道。

在该地区走访期间，我采访了该社区的居民。他们说，军队杀害和逮捕了大量无辜的人。现在已经几乎没有什么人了。在过去的几天，大约560人被捕。一些建筑上布满枪孔，目前正在使用卡车来清除持枪分子抵抗安全力量的最后障碍。警方表示，他们已经找到73名平民的尸体，大约发射了8,000发子弹。

玻利维亚当地社区成员称，他们在波多西省对四名警察动用了私刑。他们指控这些负责处理盗车案件的警察敲诈勒索。该地区是臭名昭著的邻国智利汽车走私的通道。当地警察局长称，该组织扬言处死任何前去找回尸体的人。

互联网上一段视频显示，在俄罗斯议会会议厅，议员们奔走着为缺席的同事投票。视频镜头显示，会议室有大量空位，只有几名代表出席，而其中几个人还在看报纸。但是投票时间来临时，这些代表们在一个个空位前奔走，为他们按下电子投票按钮。

欧洲足球管理当局通过了新的财政规定，防止各足球俱乐部的花费超过自己的盈利。欧洲足球协会联盟将在三年之内监管俱乐部的财政状况，确保他们服从规定。我们的体育记者Alex Capstick报道。

欧洲足球协会联盟决心限制标志性的奢侈消费。最近一份报告发现，欧洲主要的俱乐部大约有一半是亏损的，20%面临严重的赤字。按照新的规定，他们必须实现盈亏平衡。俱乐部花费的资金不能超过自己的收益。捐赠者不能再资助昂贵的调职和薪资。那些一意孤行，违反规定的俱乐部将被禁止参加欧洲足球比赛。

南非工会联合会威胁称将在足球世界杯期间举行罢工。工会希望最近的电价上涨能够得到回落。南非总工会秘书长Zwelinzima Vavi表示，在世界本举办的第一周的6月14日，双方将进行关键性会谈。另外，南非运输联合会表示，他们接受了新的工资协议，将停止已经进行了三周的罢工。这次罢工使港口和铁路网路受到影响。

1 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

2 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

3 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

4 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

5 gushing   

adj.迸出的；涌出的；喷出的；过分热情的v.喷，涌( gush的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地说话

参考例句：

• blood gushing from a wound 从伤口冒出的血
• The young mother was gushing over a baby. 那位年轻的母亲正喋喋不休地和婴儿说话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

7 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

8 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。

9 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

10 affiliates   

附属企业( affiliate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She affiliates with an academic society. 她是某学术团体的成员。
• For example, these security affiliates participated in the floating of 19,000,000,000 of issues in 1927. 例如，这些证券发行机构在1927年的流通证券中，就提供了一百九十亿美元的证券。

11 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

12 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

13 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

14 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

15 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

16 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

17 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

18 retrieve   

vt.重新得到，收回；挽回，补救；检索

参考例句：

• He was determined to retrieve his honor.他决心恢复名誉。
• The men were trying to retrieve weapons left when the army abandoned the island.士兵们正试图找回军队从该岛撤退时留下的武器。

19 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

20 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

21 lavish   

adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍

参考例句：

• He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿谀奉承的人。
• The sets and costumes are lavish.布景和服装极尽奢华。

22 deficits   

n.不足额( deficit的名词复数 )；赤字；亏空；亏损

参考例句：

• The Ministry of Finance consistently overestimated its budget deficits. 财政部一贯高估预算赤字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Many of the world's farmers are also incurring economic deficits. 世界上许多农民还在遭受经济上的亏损。 来自辞典例句

23 benefactors   

n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人

参考例句：

• I rate him among my benefactors. 我认为他是我的一个恩人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We showed high respect to benefactors. 我们对捐助者表达了崇高的敬意。 来自辞典例句

24 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

25 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

26 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。