英国新闻听力 军事伪装受到乌贼的启发

Military camouflage¹ works quite well during the day, but at night it’s much harder for soldiers to disguise themselves. A group of scientists at the University of California at Irvine has come up with a new idea.They want to develop what they call invisibility stickers inspired by squid.

Well, squid have this actually amazing skin structure.

So like a chameleon², only better?

I think it’s a little more advanced than a chameleon. Chameleons³ are a little bit slower. A squid really can almost look like another object. It’s quite remarkable⁴. We viewed some of the proteins found in theirskin to make films that can help someone avoid active infrared⁵ detection. So at the moment I would not call it practical at all. It’s one of our real big goals. And a large focus in my group is transitioning these text materials that we’ve been working with to something that could be in practice not only for potentially defense⁶ applications, but also for energy applications to help regulate how you as a person or how building will exchange heat with this environment.

Are the skin cells that you are talking about in the squid, are they controlled by muscles or is it the external environment that changes them?

They are controlled by muscles. So there is one unique cell in particular which has muscles fibers⁷ there. And so it’s like a sack of beads⁸ almost. So there is three different types of cells and some of them function to change color in different regions of the spectrum⁹. So they all kind of work together to get these amazing color changing effects.

So what’s next then for your research?

You know, in order to use them for energy or you know, real-world defense applications, you really need totry to make something that will reflect in the thermal¹⁰ region of the infrared. And that’s kind of where we are heading.

And in time then, we could have vehicles or even a combat uniform that might enable somebody to hide effectively?

That’s the dream. It’s almost something straight out of science fiction. But yes, I think it’s a long way off. But I think a lot of the technology that’s required for that is being developed right now.

军事伪装在白天的效果很好，但到了晚上，士兵们要伪装自己就变得难上加难。加州大学尔湾分校的科学家们提出了一个新的想法。他们想开发一种叫做隐形贴纸的产品，而这种产品是受到了乌贼的启发。

嗯，乌贼有着令人吃惊的皮肤组织结构。

就像变色龙？还是比变色龙要好？

我认为它比变色龙更高级一点。变色龙反应有点慢。乌贼真的能变得像另一个东西。非常了不起。为了制作能够帮人们躲避主动红外探测的薄片，我们观察了乌贼皮肤中的一些蛋白质。那么，目前我绝对不会说我们的技术具有实用性。这是我们的大目标之一。而且我们团队的一大研究重点是把我们正在研发的这些材料转变为实际可用的东西，不只是将来的防御措施，也有可能是能量方面的应用，来帮助调节人或建筑物与环境之间的热量交换。

你刚才说的乌贼的皮肤细胞，它们是由肌肉控制的还是随外部环境发生改变？

它们是由肌肉控制的。特别是有一种独特的细胞，它里面含有肌纤维。这种细胞基本上像一袋液体珠子。乌贼体内有三种细胞，其中一些在不同的光谱区域下起到变色的作用。所以，它们的共同作用产生了这些令人吃惊的变色效果。

那么，接下来你们的研究方向是什么？

要想把这些材料用于能量或真实的防御装备，确实需要制作一种在红外线热区能起反射作用的东西。这大概就是我们的工作方向。

那么，也许有一天我们会拥有能让人有效隐藏的交通工具甚至是作战服？

这是个梦想。就像科幻小说里写的那样。是，我觉得还有很长的路要走。但我认为很多必备的技术现正在研发当中。

1 camouflage   

n./v.掩饰，伪装

参考例句：

• The white fur of the polar bear is a natural camouflage.北极熊身上的白色的浓密软毛是一种天然的伪装。
• The animal's markings provide effective camouflage.这种动物身上的斑纹是很有效的伪装。

2 chameleon   

n.变色龙，蜥蜴；善变之人

参考例句：

• The chameleon changes colour to match its surroundings.变色龙变换颜色以适应环境。
• The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。

3 chameleons   

n.变色蜥蜴，变色龙( chameleon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Insects, birds and baby rats are the main food of chameleons. 昆虫、小鸟和幼鼠等是避役主要的食物。 来自互联网
• A bronze chariot ridden by chameleons radiating flaring lights. 一辆被燃烧的蜥蜴覆盖的青铜战车。 来自互联网

4 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

5 infrared   

adj./n.红外线(的)

参考例句：

• Infrared is widely used in industry and medical science.红外线广泛应用于工业和医学科学。
• Infrared radiation has wavelengths longer than those of visible light.红外辐射的波长比可见光的波长长。

6 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

7 fibers   

光纤( fiber的名词复数 )； （织物的）质地； 纤维，纤维物质

参考例句：

• Thesolution of collagen-PVA was wet spined with the sodium sulfate as coagulant and collagen-PVA composite fibers were prepared. 在此基础上，以硫酸钠为凝固剂，对胶原-PVA共混溶液进行湿法纺丝，制备了胶原-PVA复合纤维。
• Sympathetic fibers are distributed to all regions of the heart. 交感神经纤维分布于心脏的所有部分。

8 beads   

n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链

参考例句：

• a necklace of wooden beads 一条木珠项链
• Beads of perspiration stood out on his forehead. 他的前额上挂着汗珠。

9 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

10 thermal   

adj.热的，由热造成的；保暖的

参考例句：

• They will build another thermal power station.他们要另外建一座热能发电站。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。