英国新闻听力 电影为何通不过贝克德尔测验

What have the following three movies got in common? Whiplash, American Sniper and The Grand Budapest Hotel.Do the three films pass the Bechdel Test? The what? The Bechdel Test. It’s named after the US cartoonistAlison Bechdel. To pass, a movie must have at least two women characters who talk to each other about something other than a man. The answer to that question is that they don’t pass the Bechdel Test. Now London is hosting a film festival called the Bechdel Test Fest. My colleague Julian Martial¹ asked its curator what it means if a film does pass the test.

It just got two female characters in it. And one can hope that that means the dynamics² of their character and the narratives³ that they pursue within the film is more dynamic than something like somebody’s wife, mother, sister.

In Sweden it’s been introduced alongside certification as a means for customers to decide whether films are worthy⁴ of their attention.

Yes. I think it has benefitted the film industry because it raises the topic of where are all the women infilms and the fact that barely half of the films that get cinematic releases pass. And you have 2.2 for men per one female on the screen. It’s just crazy statistics especially when women make up half if not moreof the cinema-going audience.

But the Bechdel Test is not a guarantee that a film will present interesting female parts for actors, is it?

No, that’s actually right. But it’s interesting she raise a topic and make conversation about it.

Here in Britain, the main opposition⁵ Labor⁶ Party has pledged a policy of zero tolerance⁷ of homophobia bullying⁸ in English schools if it wins the general election in May. The Party’s shadow education secretary Tristram Hunt said the persistence⁹ of homophobia in schools was partly the legacy¹⁰ of legislation in the 1980s known as Section 28 which prevented schools from promoting homosexuality. Mr. Hunt said a Labor government would encourage gay and lesbian teachers to declare their sexuality openly in classrooms. So would thatbe a good idea? Well, here is a sample of opinion from teachers, pupils and experts.

My head said to me “you don’t need to tell anyone that you are a lesbian”.

I don’t think they need to explain their sexuality to people because, you know, it doesn’t define who they are like hundred percent. They can still do their job without telling you their sexuality.

以下三部影片——《爆裂鼓手》，《美国狙击手》，《布达佩斯大饭店》有什么共同点？这三部电影通过贝克德尔测验了吗？通过什么？贝克德尔测验，是以美国漫画家艾莉森·贝克德尔的名字命名的。测验的标准是影片中至少有两位女性角色讨论与男人无关的话题。问题的答案是，它们都没有通过贝克德尔测验。现在，一个名为“贝克德尔测验节”的电影节正在伦敦举行。我的同事朱利安·马夏尔向电影节的策划者请教，一部电影怎么才算通过了测验？

影片中至少要包含两个女性角色，而且她们的角色和在影片中对话的力度要超过某人的妻子、母亲或妹妹。

在瑞典，贝克德尔测验是带证书的，顾客以此判定电影值不值得一看。

是的，我认为该测验对电影行业产生了很好的影响，因为它让人们开始关注——电影里的女人都去哪了，而且影院发行的影片仅有不足一半通过测验。另外，大银幕上的男女比例为2.2:1。这个数据很惊人，特别是鉴于女观众占影院观影人数的一半甚至以上。

但通过贝克德尔测验的电影里也并不一定就有非常有趣的女性角色，是吗？

是的，没错。但这个女性角色提出一个话题并展开讨论，也能增加电影的趣味性。

英国主要反对党工党承诺五月份大选获胜后颁布对英国学校欺凌同性恋的零容忍政策。英国影子内阁教育大臣特里斯坦·亨特称，学校里的恐同现象源于20世纪80年代的一项立法——阻止学校倡导同性恋的“第28条款”。亨特说，工党政府将鼓励男女同性恋教师在教室公开自己的性取向。那么，这会是一个好提议吗？下面是一些教师、学生和专家的看法。

我的上司跟我说：“你不用跟别人说你是女同性恋。”

我认为他们没必要向别人解释自己的性取向，因为这不能百分之百地展现他们是怎样的人。不告诉你性取向，他们也能工作。

1 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

2 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

3 narratives   

记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分

参考例句：

• Marriage, which has been the bourne of so many narratives, is still a great beginning. 结婚一向是许多小说的终点，然而也是一个伟大的开始。
• This is one of the narratives that children are fond of. 这是孩子们喜欢的故事之一。

4 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

7 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

8 bullying   

v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈

参考例句：

• Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
• All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 persistence   

n.坚持，持续，存留

参考例句：

• The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
• He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。

10 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。