托福写作如何开篇

 　　1. 用副词开头

　　(1) 副词修饰全句

　　Luckily, he didn’t know my phone number; otherwise, he would bother me.

　　Incredibly, Helena got straight A in her school report this semester.

　　Interestingly, cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.

　　修饰全句常用的副词有：

　　obviously undoubtedly¹

　　apparently² fortunately

　　clearly unfortunately

　　incredibly luckily

　　unluckily surprisingly

　　frighteningly

　　这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法，在意思上相等与 “It is ... 形容词that ...” 。 例:

　　Obviously, he is nervous about the test. =It is obvious that he is nervous about the test.

　　Unfortunately, he tripped over and fell in the mud. =It is unfortunate that he tripped over and fell in the mud.

　　(2) 强调副词

　　Hurriedly, the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.

　　Dangerously, the drunkard sped down the street.

　　Slowly and gently, snowflakes were drifting down from the sky.

　　(3) 副词表示某一地域或某一领域

　　Geographically³, Canada is the biggest country in the world.

　　Financially, she is independent, but emotionally she is dependent.

　　2. 用插入语开头，表示说话人的态度，或使句子的意思更加准确

　　Strangely enough, Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.

　　Generally speaking, winter in Vancouver is gloomy.

　　类似的插入语有：

　　no wonder，no doubt

　　in other words，in my opinion

　　in conclusion，in fact

　　as a matter of fact

　　3. 用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头，修饰句子的主语，表示主语的特征或状态

　　Frantic⁴, the young mother rushed out the door with the baby in her arms.

　　Tasty and crisp, potato chip are a favorite snack for both children and adults.

　　Happy at his good marks at school, the little boy skipped on his way home.

　　Desperate and hopeless, the poor man committed suicide.

　　4. 用分词、分词短语开头

　　(a) 修饰句子主语，表示主语所处的状态或主语同时进行的另一个较谓语动词次要的动作

　　Scared, the girl moved timidly and cautiously into the dark room.( 状态)

　　Chased by my dear pet cat, the mouse dashed into a small hole.( 状态 )

　　Spoiled by his parents, the naughty boy always insists on things he wants.( 状态)

　　Puffing⁵ and hugging, he finished his run.( 另一动作)

　　Looking at herself in the mirror, she fingered her silk scarf on her shoulder.( 另一动作)

　　(b) 修饰谓语动词，表示原因、时间等

　　Lying down on the couch, he felt much relaxed.( 时间)

　　Feeling bored, she turned on the TV and switched from channel to channel.( 原因)

　　Wanting to find out the business hour, she called the store.( 原因)

　　Having completed the form, he mailed it out immediately.( 时间)

　　5. 用介词短语开头，表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等

　　On seeing him approach, the girl immediately turned her face to a shop window

　　pretending to look at something there.( 时间)

　　Around the corner, a crowd gathered.( 地点)

　　Unlike his father, Peter touches neither cigarettes nor alcohol.( 方式)

　　Due to the limit of seats, he was not accepted.( 原因)

　　In case of fire, use the stairways.( 条件)

　　6. 动词不定式开头，强调谓语动词动作的目的

　　To celebrate the arrival of the Millennium⁶, we held a grand party in the hotel.

　　To show my trust on him, I deposited $ 10,000 into his bank account.

　　7. 用独立分词短语开头，使句子有正式的味道

　　Birds singing in the tree, another routine day starts.

　　Sea gulls⁷ flying over the water, the old fisherman flung his fishing meat into the open sea.

　　A dog following them, the police searched every suspect.

　　8. 用过渡句开头，表示此句与上下句的关系

　　Consequently, I slowed down to avoid a fine ticket.

　　In fact, she was a kindhearted woman.

　　9. 用同位语开头，表示主句位于动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等

　　A signing officer of the bank, Jane signs her name hundreds of times each day at work.

　　A TV addict⁸, Jim watches TV movies one after another every evening until after midnight.

　　10. 用副词从句开头，表示主句谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等

　　When you are in need of help, give me a call.

　　Wherever you go, I follow.

　　Since your children love hamburgers and fries, we might as well eat in MacDonald.

　　As if it were summer, everybody wear shorts and a T-shirt.

　　In case that you get lost, call me at this number.

　　11. 用名词从句开头，作整句的主语

　　Whether you take the position or not makes great difference to me.

　　Why I am unhappy is something I can’t explain.

　　What they should do about the hole in the roof is their most pressing problem.

1 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。

2 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

3 geographically   

adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe. 从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。 来自辞典例句
• All these events, however geographically remote, urgently affected Western financial centers. 所有这些事件，无论发生在地理上如何遥远的地方，都对西方金融中心产生紧迫的影响。 来自名作英译部分

4 frantic   

adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的

参考例句：

• I've had a frantic rush to get my work done.我急急忙忙地赶完工作。
• He made frantic dash for the departing train.他发疯似地冲向正开出的火车。

5 puffing   

v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧

参考例句：

• He was puffing hard when he jumped on to the bus. 他跳上公共汽车时喘息不已。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• My father sat puffing contentedly on his pipe. 父亲坐着心满意足地抽着烟斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 millennium   

n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世

参考例句：

• The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
• We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。

7 gulls   

n.鸥( gull的名词复数 )v.欺骗某人( gull的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• A flock of sea gulls are hovering over the deck. 一群海鸥在甲板上空飞翔。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The gulls which haunted the outlying rocks in a prodigious number. 数不清的海鸥在遥远的岩石上栖息。 来自辞典例句

8 addict   

v.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人

参考例句：

• He became gambling addict,and lost all his possessions.他习染上了赌博，最终输掉了全部家产。
• He assisted a drug addict to escape from drug but failed firstly.一开始他帮助一个吸毒者戒毒但失败了。