托托洛轻松语法－用来引起定语从句的who, whom, that, which & w

关系代词：who, whom, that, which & whose 用来引起定语从句

平时我们接触的难句长句，很大一部分是从句。从句让句子变得错综复杂、扑朔迷离，因此划分句子成分就非常关键。有的人不喜欢语法，认为划分句子成分是很迂腐的事情。但是，为了把一个句子读通读透，就需要这么做。学会了划分句子，即便句子里有不认识的单词或词组，都不会成为阻碍我们从整体上把握。
如果大家在小学语文课上认真消化了“主谓宾定状补”，那么，套用到英文里来就可以了。所谓定语从句，不过是用来描述sb./sth.“如何如何”的从句罢了。
比如: The dog is named Karl.
         The dog, which is running towards me, is named Karl. (非限制性定语从句)
显然，第二句话比第一句多出来的部分只是为了作更详细的描述。并没有对句子主干作任何改动。
这说明: 把定语从句从句子里去掉并不会让一个句子不成句。
但引出了另一个问题: 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
比如: This is the house which we bought last month. (限制性定语从句）

比较一下who, whom, that, which & whose:
1. who&whom
这两个词意思一样, 只是who可以在从句里作主语或宾语, whom只能作宾语; 一般来说, 我们鼓励作宾语时用whom
The gentelman who is wearing a hat is my uncle.
The gentleman to whom/who Alice is talking is my uncle.

2. that/which的区别参考上期内容

3. whose表示"***的", 一般不会和另外几个混淆
The gentleman, whose son is a doctor, is 89.

练习:
1. The girl ___ I spoke¹ to is my sister.
a. who b. where c. what d. whose
解答: 主语是人, 而空格部分是宾语, who/whom都可以用
2. He__ works² hard gets better paid.
a. which b. whom c. who d. what
解答: 跟第一题不同, 这里的空格部分是主语, 只能用who
3. He came back for his bag __ he had forgotten.
a. where b. by which c. by whom d. which
解答: in which place=where
4. It was the music itself__ interested me.
a. which b. who c. whose d. that
解答: it was....that....强调句
5. This is the man__ dog is running after you.
a. which one b. where c. whom d. whose
解答: 根据句子意思, 表示"***的", 选d

1 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

2 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。