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托福语法讲解:形容词的比较级

时间:2012-12-05 03:33来源:互联网 提供网友:laura6688   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式:

  在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;
  或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等
  少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),
  考点一 含有标志词than
  1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象,
  如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
  She possesses more books than I do.
  He is more intelligent than I expected.
  than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,
  空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,
  空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。
  例题:
  Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental1 United States.
  (A) coolest
  (B) the coolest
  (C) cooler
  (D) the cooler
  答案:A
  解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确
  2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:
  情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,
  如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.
  (that 指代the population)
  His designs won more acclaim2 than those of his fellow colleagues.
  (those 指代 designs)
  情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)
  如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights3 who may
  probably contribute more to the success of a play.
  例题:
  Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
  (A) than do
  (B) that are having
  (C) which have
  (D) that do
  答案:A
  解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装
  考点二  (not) so /as…as
  比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用,
  如:It is as good as it looks.
  The boss is not so bad-tempered4 as you have described.
  填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。
  例题:
  (1)
  The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----.
  (A) possibly little nourishment5
  (B) nourishment possibly little
  (C) little as possible nourishment
  (D) little nourishment as possible
  答案:D
  解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”.
  (2)
  There is evidence that prehistoric6 humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C.
  (A) so early
  (B) the earliest
  (C) as early as
  (D) so early that
  答案:C
  解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as
  考点三 the same…as
  此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用,
  如:She looks just the same as before.
  I got the same feeling as you did.
  改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来
  考点四 the more…,the more…
  此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略,
  如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt.
  The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot.
  填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式
  例题:
  (1)
  The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
  (A) the greater the need there is
  (B) greater need
  (C) is there great need
  (D) the great need
  答案:A
  解释:这是典型的 “the more…,
  the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
  (2)
  The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body.
  (A) the stress it is greater
  (B) greater is the stress
  (C) greater stress is
  (D) the greater the stress
  答案:D
  解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D
  考点五 no longer /not…any longer
  no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”,
  如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer.
  注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 continental Zazyk     
adj.大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的
参考例句:
  • A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
  • The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
2 acclaim NJgyv     
v.向…欢呼,公认;n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞
参考例句:
  • He was welcomed with great acclaim.他受到十分热烈的欢迎。
  • His achievements earned him the acclaim of the scientific community.他的成就赢得了科学界的赞誉。
3 playwrights 96168871b12dbe69e6654e19d58164e8     
n.剧作家( playwright的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • We're studying dramatic texts by sixteenth century playwrights. 我们正在研究16 世纪戏剧作家的戏剧文本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Hung-chien asked who the playwrights were. 鸿渐问谁写的剧本。 来自汉英文学 - 围城
4 bad-tempered bad-tempered     
adj.脾气坏的
参考例句:
  • He grew more and more bad-tempered as the afternoon wore on.随着下午一点点地过去,他的脾气也越来越坏。
  • I know he's often bad-tempered but really,you know,he's got a heart of gold.我知道他经常发脾气,但是,要知道,其实他心肠很好。
5 nourishment Ovvyi     
n.食物,营养品;营养情况
参考例句:
  • Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。
  • He ventured that plants draw part of their nourishment from the air.他大胆提出植物从空气中吸收部分养分的观点。
6 prehistoric sPVxQ     
adj.(有记载的)历史以前的,史前的,古老的
参考例句:
  • They have found prehistoric remains.他们发现了史前遗迹。
  • It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.这儿倒像是在展览古老的电子设备。
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