亲爱的“酒鬼们”：你对西洋酒了解多少？

 　　“举杯邀明月，对影成三人。”酒自古就是诗人的挚友，让他们抒发自己的旷放豪情，激发他们无边的想象力。今天就向大家介绍西洋酒的基本分类。不过大家还是要培养好的酒品，对自己和他人负责！

　　Wines: It is produced after the fermentation process of grape juice is complete. It is said that the longer the aging process, the better it tastes. ABV (alcohol by volume) - 9% to 16%.

　　葡萄酒：新鲜的葡萄或葡萄汁经发酵酿成的酒精饮料，酿造的时间越久，口感越好。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV：9%—16%。

　　Beers: Beer is made after the fermenting¹ and brewing² process is done. The use of wheat, corn, barley³, and rice is essential to make beer. ABV - 2% to 4%.

　　啤酒：以大麦芽、酒花、水为主要原料，经酵母发酵作用酿制而成的饱含二氧化碳的低酒精度酒。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV：2%—4%。

　　Spirits: It is simply a term used to describe unsweetened and distilled⁴ alcoholic⁵ beverages⁶.

　　烈酒：用来描述所有的不经甜化和蒸馏的烈性高浓度酒。

　　Brandy: Short for brandy wine, this is a distilled wine. This drink is usually consumed after dinner. ABV- 30% to 60%.

　　白兰地酒：以水果为原料，经发酵、蒸馏制成的酒，通常所称的白兰地专指以葡萄为原料，通过发酵再蒸馏制成的酒。常在饭后饮用。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV：30%—60%.

　　Gin: To produce gin, juniper berries and white grain spirit are distilled. ABV - 37% to 40%。

　　金酒(杜松子酒)：以杜松子果和谷物蒸馏制成。可单独饮用，也可调配鸡尾酒，并且是调配鸡尾酒中惟一不可缺少的酒种。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV：37%—40%.

　　Liqueurs: This spirit is obtained when various flavors like herbs, cream, spices, flowers, and fruits is combined. ABV - 15% to 30%.

　　利口酒：泛指酒中添加了天然芳香药，用动、植物，并具有一定保健作用的饮料配制甜酒。ABV：15%—30%.

　　Rum: A distilled alcoholic drink which is produced after the fermentation of sugarcane or molasses is done. ABV - 40% to 55%。

　　朗姆酒：用甘蔗压出来的糖汁，经过发酵、蒸馏而成。ABV: 40%—55%.

　　Tequila: The use of a plant, blue agave(found in a town in Mexico) is important to make tequila. The various colors of tequila is obtained due to aging process, method, and time duration. ABV - 35% to 40%。

　　龙舌兰酒：龙舌兰酒又称“特基拉酒”，是墨西哥的特产，被称为墨西哥的灵魂。龙舌兰成熟后割下送至酒厂，再被割成两半后泡洗24小时，然后榨出汁来，汁水加糖送入发酵柜中发酵两天至两天半，然后经两次蒸馏，陈酿时间不同，颜色和口味差异很大。ABV: 35%—40%.

　　Vodka: Again a distilled drink which is transparent⁷ (it's clear). Vodka contains purified ethanol and water which at times goes through various stages of distillation⁸. It is fermented⁹ from potatoes, wheat or rye, corn, or sugar beet¹⁰ molasses. ABV - 25% to 37%.

　　伏特加酒：是一种经蒸馏处理的酒精饮料，是由水和经蒸馏净化的乙醇所合成的透明液体。在蒸馏过程中除水和乙醇外亦会加入马铃薯、菜糖浆及黑麦或小麦，如果是制作有味道的伏特加更会加入适量的调味料。ABV: 25%—37%.

　　Whisky: In Gaelic, whisky means "Water of Life". You get whisky after the fermentation process is done which uses wheat, barley, rye, and corn. ABV - 40% to 50%.

　　威士忌酒：以大麦、黑麦、燕麦、小麦、玉米等谷物为原料，经发酵、蒸馏后放入橡木桶中陈酿、勾兑而成的一种酒精饮料。ABV: 40%—50%.

　　Cocktail¹¹: A cocktail is an alcoholic mixed drink that contains two or more ingredients—at least one of the ingredients must be a spirit.

　　鸡尾酒：鸡尾酒是包含两种或以上酒类的混合酒，其中至少有一种烈酒。

　　The ABV percentage is pretty high in the drinks made with spirits, which is why they are called hard drinks. So whenever you drink any of these drinks, make sure you do so responsibly.

　　酒杯知多少？

　　1. Beer Mug 啤酒杯

　　You put beer in this. Some people put them in the freezer to frost them before use. One glass typically holds 16 oz. of fluid, but there are no rules.

　　2. Highball Glass 高球杯

　　It’s a straight-sided glass of varying heights and is what you’re usually given when you order a whiskey and Coke, gin and tonic¹² or other mixed drink.

　　3. Cocktail Glass (a.k.a. Martini Glass) 鸡尾酒杯(又称为马提尼酒杯)

　　The angled, triangular¹³ bowl and long stem are unmistakable and is designed to keep the drinker from allowing her or his hands to warm the drink. Of course, after two drinks pretty much everyonecradles the bowl, thereby¹⁴ wasting its functional¹⁵ purpose.

　　4. Brandy Snifter 白兰地矮脚杯

　　Its short stem and globe shape encourage cradling so the hand warms the drink, and the tapered¹⁶ edges focus the odor of the liquor up into the tippler’s nose.

　　5. Champagne¹⁷ Flute¹⁸ 香槟杯

　　The long tulip-shaped vessel¹⁹ lets drinkers enjoy the gentle cascade²⁰ of boozy bubbles and also focuses the effervescence upward so that it will create a foamy²¹, nose-tickling mousse.

1 fermenting   

v.（使）发酵( ferment的现在分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰

参考例句：

• The fermenting wine has bubbled up and over the top. 发酵的葡萄酒已经冒泡，溢了出来。 来自辞典例句
• It must be processed through methods like boiling, grinding or fermenting. 它必须通过煮沸、研磨、或者发酵等方法加工。 来自互联网

2 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

3 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

4 distilled   

adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华

参考例句：

• The televised interview was distilled from 16 hours of film. 那次电视采访是从16个小时的影片中选出的精华。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Gasoline is distilled from crude oil. 汽油是从原油中提炼出来的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

6 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

7 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。

8 distillation   

n.蒸馏，蒸馏法

参考例句：

• The discovery of distillation is usually accredited to the Arabs of the 11th century.通常认为，蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。
• The oil is distilled from the berries of this small tree.油是从这种小树的浆果中提炼出来的。

9 fermented   

v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰

参考例句：

• When wine is fermented, it gives off gas. 酒发酵时发出气泡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His speeches fermented trouble among the workers. 他的演讲在工人中引起骚动。 来自辞典例句

10 beet   

n.甜菜；甜菜根

参考例句：

• He farmed his pickers to work in the beet fields. 他出租他的摘棉工去甜菜地里干活。
• The sugar beet is an entirely different kind of plant.糖用甜菜是一种完全不同的作物。

11 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

12 tonic   

n./adj.滋补品，补药，强身的，健体的

参考例句：

• It will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly.这将作为老年人滋补品在市场上销售。
• Sea air is Nature's best tonic for mind and body.海上的空气是大自然赋予的对人们身心的最佳补品。

13 triangular   

adj.三角（形）的，三者间的

参考例句：

• It's more or less triangular plot of land.这块地略成三角形。
• One particular triangular relationship became the model of Simone's first novel.一段特殊的三角关系成了西蒙娜第一本小说的原型。

14 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

15 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

16 tapered   

adj. 锥形的，尖削的，楔形的，渐缩的，斜的 动词taper的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The tail tapered to a rounded tip. 尾部越来越细，最后成了个圆尖。
• The organization tapered off in about half a year. 那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了。

17 champagne   

n.香槟酒；微黄色

参考例句：

• There were two glasses of champagne on the tray.托盘里有两杯香槟酒。
• They sat there swilling champagne.他们坐在那里大喝香槟酒。

18 flute   

n.长笛；v.吹笛

参考例句：

• He took out his flute, and blew at it.他拿出笛子吹了起来。
• There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。

19 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

20 cascade   

n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下

参考例句：

• She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.她看着壮观的瀑布从山坡上倾泻而下。
• Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cascade of curls.她的卷发像瀑布一样垂在肩上。

21 foamy   

adj.全是泡沫的，泡沫的，起泡沫的

参考例句：

• In Internet foamy 2001, so hard when, everybody stayed. 在互联网泡沫的2001年，那么艰难的时候，大家都留下来了。 来自互联网
• It's foamy milk that you add to the coffee. 将牛奶打出泡沫后加入咖啡中。 来自互联网