语法精讲：when，where，why引导的定语从句

 　　when，where，why作为定语从句的引导词，总称为关系副词。下面用句子合并的方法分析它们的使用。

　　一、where引导的定语从句

　　请分析下面两个简单句：

　　句①I know a garden.

　　句②You can find wild strawberries there.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的agarden做定语从句的先行词。在句②中there指句①中提到的agarden也就是定语从句的先行词，there在句中做地点状语，因此要用where引导定语从句，代替句②中的there，也就是说there就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句 ③I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.

　　句②还可以写作句 ④You can find wild strawberries in it(it指句①中的garden，“在花园中”要使用介词短语in the garden)。把句④变为句①的定语从句，因为it做介词in的宾语，先行词是agarden，指物。在这种定语从句中介词常常提到定语从句的开始，这时关系代词只能使用which替代it，it就不能在定语从句中出现了。由此得到句⑤即：I know a garden in which you can find wild strawberries.

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句，把第二句话变为第一句的定语从句。

　　第一组：

　　This is the village.

　　I was born there.

　　→This is the village where I was born.

　　第二组：

　　The lab is not far from here.

　　The chemist¹ often does experiments there.

　　→The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here.

　　二、when引导的定语从句

　　请分析下面两个简单句：

　　句①We shall² remember the days.

　　句②We studied together then.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the days做定语从句的先行词。在句②中then指句①中提到的the days，也就是定语从句的先行词，then在句中做时间状语，因此要用when引导定语从句，代替句②中的then，也就是说then就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③We shall remember the days when we studied together.

　　句② 还可以写作句④We studied together during the days.(介词短语during the days含义为“在这些日子里”)。把句④变为句①的定语从句，因为the days做介词during的宾语，先行词是the days，指物，在定语从句中介词during提前，用关系代词which替代the days，the days就不能在定语从句中出现了。由此得到句⑤We shall remember the days during which we studies together.

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句，把第二句话变为第一句的定语从句。

　　第一组：

　　I've always longed for the days.

　　I should be able to be independent³ then.

　　→I've always longed for the days when I should be able to be independent.

　　第二组：

　　There are moments.

　　I forget all about it then.

　　→There are moments when I forget all about it.

　　三、why引导的定语从句

　　请分析下面两个简单句：

　　句①He wanted to know the reason.

　　句②I was late for the reason.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the reasons做定语从句的先行词。因为the reason做介词for的宾语，先行词是the reason指物，在定语从句中介词for提前，用关系代词which替代the reason，the reason就不能在定语从句中出现了。由此得到句③He wanted to know the reason for which I was late.

　　注意：在定语从句中当先行词为the reason(s)，定语从句由for which引导时，可以用why代替for which。由此我们得到句⑤He wanted to know the reason why I was late.

　　请把下面两句话合并为一句，把第二句话变为第一句的定语从句。

　　The reason is not very convincing⁴.

　　He came for the reason.

　　→The reason why he came is not very convincing.

　　The reason for which he came is not very convincing.

　　■巩固性练习

　　一、合并句子

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句，把第二句话变为第一句的定语从句。

　　1.There came a day.The rain fell at last then.

　　2.This is the hour.The place is always full of women and children then.

　　3.We will start at the point.We left off there.

　　4.Give me one good reason.I should help you for the reason.

　　5.This is the factory.His father works⁵ there.

　　6.I don't know the reason.You quarreled⁶ with him.

　　7.I'll never forget the days.We studied together then.

　　二、链接高考

　　1.All___is needed is a supply⁷ of oil⁸.

　　A.the thing B.that C.what D.which

　　2.Finally，the thief handed everything___he had stolen to the police.

　　A.which B.what C.whatever D.that

　　3.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.

　　A.where B.who C.in which D.which

　　4.Can you tell me the name of the factory___you visited last week?

　　A.what B.where C./ D.when

　　5.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone___family was poor.

　　A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose

　　6.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town____he grew up as a child.

　　A.which B.that C.where D.when

　　7.The film brought the hours back to me____I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

　　A.until B.that C.when D.where

　　参考答案

　　一、合并句子

　　1.There came a day when the rain fell at last.

　　2.This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.

　　3.We will start at the point where we left off.

　　4.Give me one good reason why I should help you.

　　5.This is the factory where his father works.

　　6.I don't know the reason why you quarreled with him

　　7.I'll never forget the days when we studied together.

　　二、高考答案：1-5 BDDCD 6-7 CC

1 chemist   

n.化学家；药剂师

参考例句：

• He is a clever chemist.他是一个聪明的化学家。
• The chemist mixed up some medicine for me.药剂师给我配了些药。

2 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

3 independent   

adj.独立自主的；不须依赖的，不受约束的

参考例句：

• He is very far from being independent.他现在还远不能自立。
• We must fight for independent and free.我们必须为独立和自由而奋斗。

4 convincing   

adj.使人信服的，有力的，令人心悦诚服的

参考例句：

• The data you have collected is not enough to be convincing.你们收集的材料说服力不足。
• His version of the accident seemed most convincing.他对该事件的叙述似乎最令人信服。

5 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

6 quarreled   

vi.争辩，争吵（quarrel的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The two girls quarreled, but they soon made it up. 这两个女孩子吵了一架，但很快就和好了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These men have quarreled over the price of a load of hay. 这帮人为了一车干草的价钱争吵不休。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 supply   

n.补给，供给，供应品；vt.补给，供给，提供，补充；vi.替代

参考例句：

• The shop was unable to supply what she wanted.这商店不能供应她所需要的商品。
• We can supply the goods from our main store.这些货我们可以由总店供应。

8 oil   

n.油，油画颜料；v.涂油，溶化，加油

参考例句：

• China is rich in oil resources.中国的石油资源丰富。
• It might need some oil.它大概需要一些油。