高考英语定语从句考点

 　　一、考查关系代词that和 which的区别

　　1．Finally ，the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police．（MET'87）

　　A．which B．what C．whatever D．that

　　2．All _____ is needed is a supply of oil．（MET'89）

　　A．the thing B．that C．what D．which

　　答案及简析：

　　1．D。2．B。that和which都能指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，但下列情况下，常用that，不用which：①先行词是all， everything，anything，nothing等不定代词。②先行词指物且被形容词最高级、序数词或all，no，only，the very，the last等修饰。③先行词既指人又指物。

　　二、考查关系代词whose

　　3．A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan¹．（MET'86）

　　A．which B．his C．whose D．with

　　答案及简析：

　　3．C。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词，意为“……的”。有时“whose ＋n．”可转换为“n．＋of＋which ／whom”。如：

　　The building whose roof（＝the roof of which）we can see from here is a hotel．

　　This kind of book is for the students whose native language（＝the native language of whom）isn't English．

　　三、考查关系代词与关系副词的差异

　　4．After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child．（NMET'96）

　　A．which B．where C．that D．when

　　5．I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together．（NMET'95短文改错）

　　答案及简析：

　　4．B。5．去掉when或when→that／which。如何选用关系代词和关系副词呢？关键是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。决不能只按先行词是地点名词就用 where，先行词是时间名词就用when，先行词是reason就用why。有时，命题者还会在先行词与引导词之间加入附加成分，影响考生正常解题思路，做题时，要特别注意。

　　四、考查“介词＋关系代词”

　　6．He paid the boy ＄10 for washing ten windows， most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．（MET'90）

　　A．these B．those C．that D．which

　　答案及简析：

　　6．D。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。介词的选定一般依据下列三点：①看定语从句中的形容词与哪一个介词组成固定搭配②看先行词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配③看定语从句中的动词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配。

　　五、考查非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别

　　7．Dorothy was always speaking highly² of her role in the play，_____ ，of course，made the others unhappy．（NMET2000）

　　A．who B．which C．this D．what

　　8．I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers，_____ has a great effect on my life．（上海94）

　　A．that；which B．when；which C．which；that D．when；who

　　答案及简析：7．B。8．B。原因见本期第2面。

　　六、考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

　　9．_____ is known³ to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month．（NMET2001）

　　A．It B．As C．That D．What

　　答案及简析：

　　9．B。as，which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，但as引出的从句可放在句首、句中或句末，which引出的从句通常只能放在主句后面。

1 orphan   

n.孤儿；adj.无父母的

参考例句：

• He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine.他把一个孤儿养大，并且把自己的医术传给了他。
• The orphan had been reared in a convent by some good sisters.这个孤儿在一所修道院里被几个好心的修女带大。

2 highly   

adv.高度地，极，非常；非常赞许地

参考例句：

• It is highly important to provide for the future.预先做好准备非常重要。
• The teacher speaks very highly of the boy's behaviour.老师称赞这个男孩的表现。

3 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。