万物简史 第300期:地下的烈火(8)
时间：2017-09-14 00:29:21
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（单词翻译）
As you will gather from this, measuring earthquakes is not always an exact science, particularly when interpreting readings from remote locations. 你从中可以知道，测量地震并不总是一门很精确的科学，尤其在牵涉到解释来自远方的读数的情况下。
At all events, both quakes were whopping. 反正这两次地震都是很大的。
The 1960 quake not only caused widespread damage across
coastal1 South America, 1960年的地震不但给南美洲西部的沿海地区造成大面积破坏，
but also set off a giant
tsunami2 that rolled six thousand miles across the Pacific 而且引起了巨大的海啸。海啸在太平洋上波及了差不多1万公里，
and slapped away much of downtown Hilo, Hawaii, destroying five hundred buildings and
killing3 sixty people. 冲进夏威夷岛希洛市区的许多地方，毁坏了500栋楼房，造成60人死亡。
Similar wave surges claimed yet more victims as far away as Japan and the Philippines. 类似的惊涛骇浪抵达遥远的日本和菲律宾，使更多人丧生。
For pure, focused,
devastation4, however, probably the most intense earthquake in recorded history 然而，完全从集中的破坏程度来说，历史上有记载的最强烈的地震，
was one that struck and
essentially5 shook to pieces—Lisbon, Portugal, on All Saints Day (November 1), 1755. 很可能是1775年万圣节(11月1日)发生在葡萄牙里斯本的那一次。那次地震实际上把里斯本变成一片瓦砾。
Just before ten in the morning, the city was hit by a sudden sideways
lurch6 快到上午10点钟的时候，那个城市突然左右摇晃。
now estimated at magnitude 9.0 and shaken
ferociously7 for seven full minutes. 强烈的摇晃持续了足足7分钟。现在估计，那次地震的震级为9级。
The convulsive force was so great that the water rushed out of the city's harbor and returned in a wave fifty feet high, adding to the destruction. 震动的威力是如此之大，该市港口里的海水汹涌而出，接着又以15米多高的巨浪返回，造成更多的破坏。
When at last the motion ceased,
survivors8 enjoyed just three minutes of calm before a second shock came, only slightly less severe than the first. 等震动终于停下来，幸存者们仅仅享受了三分钟的平静，接着又发生了第二次地震，强度只是比第一次稍稍小一点。
A third and final shock followed two hours later. 第三次即最后一次地震发生在两个小时之后。
At the end of it all, sixty thousand people were dead and virtually every building for miles reduced to
rubble9. 到一切结束的时候，有6万人死亡，方圆几公里范围以内实际上每栋楼房都被夷为平地。
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