VOA慢速英语2022 美国能做什么来帮助乌克兰？

United States President Joe Biden says he will not send troops to Ukraine if Russian soldiers invade.

美国总统乔·拜登表示，如果俄罗斯士兵入侵，他不会派兵前往乌克兰。

The U.S. has no responsibility to support Ukraine. But doing little to help the former Soviet¹ Union nation has risks, too. Experts say that if the U.S. does not push back, it could hurt the stability of eastern Europe. Russia could consider moves against other countries like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Those nations, however, have the support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO.

美国没有责任支持乌克兰。但是对这个前苏联国家毫不作为也存在风险。专家表示，如果美国不反击，可能会损害东欧的稳定。俄罗斯可能会考虑对爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛等国家采取行动。然而，这些国家得到了北约的支持。

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken is in Europe this week for meetings with Ukrainian officials and NATO allies. He also plans to meet with Russia's foreign minister.

美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯本周在欧洲与乌克兰官员以及北约盟友会晤。他还计划会见俄罗斯外长。

Blinken has said the U.S. supports Ukraine's independence and right to defend its territory. He has not explained how the U.S. would respond to a Russian invasion.

布林肯曾表示，美国支持乌克兰独立及其保卫领土的权利。他没有解释美国将会如何应对俄罗斯的入侵。

Why not help Ukraine fight?

为什么不帮助乌克兰战斗？

President Joe Biden said earlier this week that he "guessed" Putin will send fighters into Ukraine, but it might not be a full war. In the past, Biden said he would not send the U.S. military into Ukraine to help fight Russia. On Thursday, however, he added Russia will "pay a heavy price" if it starts a war with Ukraine.

拜登总统本周早些时候表示，他猜普京将会派遣战士进入乌克兰，但是这可能不是一场全面战争。拜登过去曾表示，他不会派遣美军进入乌克兰帮助对抗俄罗斯。然而周四他补充说，如果俄罗斯与乌克兰开战，将会“付出沉重代价。”

Russia responded by saying it is not planning an invasion. It accused the U.S. and other nations of "provoking" Russia by sending weapons and supplies to the area.

俄罗斯回应称该国没打算入侵。它指责美国等国通过向该地区运送武器和物资来“挑衅”俄罗斯。

Russia has said it does not want NATO to expand further east. The U.S. has rejected that demand. There is already fighting between Russia and Ukraine on the Crimean Peninsula. More than 14,000 people have died over eight years of fighting.

俄罗斯曾表示不希望北约进一步东扩。美国拒绝了这一要求。俄罗斯和乌克兰之间在克里米亚半岛已经发生过战争。在8年的战争中，有超过1.4万人丧生。

In Washington, both Republicans and Democrats³ are urging Biden and Blinken to do more. Congressman⁴ Jim Hines of Connecticut, a Democrat², said the U.S. should be sending more supplies and military trainers into Ukraine to help.

在华盛顿，共和党人和民主党人都在敦促拜登和布林肯采取更多行动。来自康涅狄格州的民主党众议员吉姆·海因斯表示，美国应该给乌克兰运去更多物资，并派遣军事教官以提供帮助。

Philip Breedlove is a former general in the U.S. Air Force and was the top NATO military leader in Europe from 2013 to 2016. He said if Putin invades Ukraine and no one fights back, "we will see more of the same."

菲利普·布里德洛夫是美国空军前任将军，并在2013年到2016年期间担任欧洲最高的北约军事领导人。他说，如果普京入侵乌克兰并且无人还击，“我们将会看到更多相同情况。”

What can Biden do to stop Russia?

拜登能如何阻止俄罗斯？

It would be difficult to stop a Russian invasion, but experts say the U.S. could make strategic threats to make Putin hold back.

阻止俄罗斯入侵会很困难，但是专家表示，美国可能会制造战略威胁以使普京退缩。

Seth Jones is a political scientist, and Philip Wasielewski is a former CIA officer. They wrote about Ukraine on January 13 for the Center for Strategic and International Studies. They said the best defense⁵ would be preventing a quick Russian victory. If Russia believed that a war with Ukraine could take a long time and have economic, political and military costs, it could think twice about an invasion.

塞思·琼斯是一名政治学家，菲利普·瓦谢莱夫斯基是前中央情报局官员。他们于1月13日为战略与国际研究中心撰写了有关乌克兰的文章。他们说最好的防御是阻止俄罗斯速胜。如果俄罗斯认为与乌克兰的战争可能需要很长时间，并且会付出经济、政治和军事代价，那么它可能会对入侵重新考虑。

Biden's advisers⁷ say they are thinking in a similar way.

拜登的顾问表示，他们也这样认为。

How is the U.S. supporting Ukraine's military now?

美国目前如何支持乌克兰军队？

John Kirby is the press spokesperson for the Pentagon. He said there are about 200 members of the U.S. National Guard in Ukraine training soldiers along with other special U.S. troops. He said the U.S. does not plan to send more people.

约翰·柯比是五角大楼的新闻发言人。他说，大约有200名美国国民警卫队成员在乌克兰，跟美国特种部队一起训练士兵。他说美国不打算派遣更多人。

The U.S. recently said it will send another $200 million in military aid to Ukraine. That is in addition to about $2.5 billion of military aid sent since 2014.

美国最近表示将向乌克兰提供2亿美元的军事援助。这是对2014年以来提供的约25亿美元军事援助的补充。

What would the U.S. do to help after a Russian attack?

俄罗斯进攻后美国会提供哪些帮助？

National security adviser⁶ Jake Sullivan said the U.S. would increase support for Ukraine, but did not say exactly how.

美国国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文表示，美国将会增加对乌克兰的支持，但是没有做具体说明。

The U.S. also said it might increase military support to NATO member nations in eastern Europe.

美国还表示，它可能会增加对东欧的北约成员国的军事支持。

Jones and Wasielewski wrote that the U.S. should make it clear it will fully⁸ support Ukraine financially if Russia invades. They said the aid could be delivered by U.S troops or by the CIA. However, these actions would put Americans in the middle of a war the U.S. is trying to avoid.

琼斯和瓦谢莱夫斯基写道，美国应该明确表示，如果俄罗斯入侵，它将会在财政上全力支持乌克兰。他们表示，援助可能由美军或中央情报局提供。然而，这些行动将使美国人陷入美国一直试图避免的战争之中。

1 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

2 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

3 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

5 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

6 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

7 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

8 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。