VOA常速英语2016--加入全球化浪潮还是独自发展？美国选民权衡经济利弊

Globalization or Isolation¹? US Voters Weigh in on Economy 加入全球化浪潮还是独自发展？美国选民权衡经济利弊

PHILADELPHIA—

The air outside this factory in Northeast Philadelphia once smelled of cookies.

But the aroma², along with the 350 workers who for decades made Oreos and Ritz crackers³ disappeared last year when snack food giant Mondelez decided⁴ to close the plant and shift production elsewhere.

“It’s terrible, we have so many companies shutting down,” Art Millevoi said.

Across the street from the now abandoned factory, the owner of Millevoi Auto⁵ Sales and Service recalls how friends have lost work in recent years.

“We see so many people unemployed⁶, so many older people, too, in their fifties who have lost their jobs,” said Millevoi. “They are on their third or fourth job, where our parents would have it for life and they would have pension and they would have social security. We are not guaranteed any of this.”

Shuttered factories

Philadelphia was one of the first major industrial cities in the United States, home to manufacturing plants, foundries and refineries⁸. 

The eastern U.S. city has struggled with economic growth, however, ranking 250th in a recent Brookings Institution report assessing employment and GDP of the world’s 300 largest metropolitan⁹ economies.

As Millievoi stands in his auto body shop, U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump¹⁰ can be heard on a nearby television railing against trade deals and globalization.

“NAFTA was the worst trade deal in history, and China's entrance into the World Trade Organization has enabled the greatest jobs theft in history,” Trump said.

For her part, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton voiced support for the Trans-Pacific Partnership¹¹ trade deal in 2011 as secretary of state, though last year on the PBS NewsHour with Judy Woodruff, Clinton said, "What I know about it, as of today, I am not in favor of what I have learned about it." 

In Trump's June 28 speech in the small western Pennsylvania town of Monessen, the Republican candidate appealed to working class voters — promising¹² to keep U.S. factories open and workers employed.

The message resonates with Millevoi who says he likely will be forced to shutter⁷ one of his many Philadelphia area auto centers due to rising taxes and regulatory fees.

He says the government should do more to support small businesses and keep American companies like Mondelez from shifting their operations overseas to countries like Mexico.

“NAFTA has allowed avenues for companies such as Mondelez to leave this country easily,” Millevoi said. “And all the people who were promised jobs were scattered¹³ for a short time. But I understand their other plants are shutting down in Chicago, etc.”

'It’s a global economy'

Just 20 miles south of the Mondelez plant, the scene couldn’t be more different along the Delaware River, as truckers pick up cargo¹⁴ containers at the port on a busy Wednesday morning.

Amid the hustle¹⁵ and bustle¹⁶ of factories and cargo ships lies Frank’s restaurant serving up breakfast and lunch to truck drivers and longshoremen in Philadelphia since 1910.

Owner Joe Trocino, whose father bought the place in 1966, says business has gone up and down with the economy over the years. 

“We have had good years and lean years,” said Trocino. “In the 1980’s they had deregulation with [then-President] Ronald Reagan and that hurt us. We were slow for a few years, but we hung in there and then things picked up.”

Despite all the national talk of trade and globalization spurred by the Britain’s exit from the European Union, the restaurant owner says national policy doesn’t affect him much.

“If I give a good product and I open my business on time every day and I am here the hours I say I am going to be here, people can depend on me. And if I know they can depend on me, they are going to be repeat customers,” Trocino said during a short break from making breakfast as workers stop in for their morning coffee.

One of those stopping in to pick up sandwiches is Kevin Kundla. The project superintendent¹⁷ at Commerce Construction Corporation recalls how the marine¹⁸ contracting company bounced back after the recession.

“In 2008 and 2009, we hit the wall, really hit the wall and we actually went down to office staff. Everyone in the field was laid off,” Kundla said. “Now we are back as strong as ever, and we are about 60 to 65 men strong in the field. We have quite a few million dollars worth of work on the books.”

A registered Republican, Kundla has not yet made up his mind as to whom he will vote for in number, only remarking that he is pro-labor.

He says that amid all the talk of Brexit and globalization, the United States cannot afford to go it alone.

“I don’t believe that the U.S. should isolate¹⁹ itself, it’s a global economy. It’s a global world. My son lives overseas and I travel overseas to Southeast Asia,” Kundla noted²⁰.

He points in the direction marine terminal, where containers are arriving from Mexico and China.

“I would love for Americans to have all the jobs, but I just think it’s a fact of life that globalization is here. It’s here to stay.”

1 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

2 aroma   

n.香气，芬芳，芳香

参考例句：

• The whole house was filled with the aroma of coffee.满屋子都是咖啡的香味。
• The air was heavy with the aroma of the paddy fields.稻花飘香。

3 crackers   

adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘

参考例句：

• That noise is driving me crackers. 那噪声闹得我简直要疯了。
• We served some crackers and cheese as an appetiser. 我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

6 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

7 shutter   

n.百叶窗；(照相机)快门；关闭装置

参考例句：

• The camera has a shutter speed of one-sixtieth of a second.这架照像机的快门速度达六十分之一秒。
• The shutter rattled in the wind.百叶窗在风中发出嘎嘎声。

8 refineries   

精炼厂( refinery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The efforts on closedown and suspension of small sugar refineries, small saccharin refineries and small paper mills are also being carried out in steps. 关停小糖厂、小糖精厂、小造纸厂的工作也已逐步展开。
• Hence the sitting of refineries is at a distance from population centres. 所以，炼油厂的厂址总在远离人口集中的地方。

9 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

12 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

13 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

14 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

15 hustle   

v.推搡；竭力兜售或获取；催促；n.奔忙(碌)

参考例句：

• It seems that he enjoys the hustle and bustle of life in the big city.看起来他似乎很喜欢大城市的热闹繁忙的生活。
• I had to hustle through the crowded street.我不得不挤过拥挤的街道。

16 bustle   

v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹

参考例句：

• The bustle and din gradually faded to silence as night advanced.随着夜越来越深，喧闹声逐渐沉寂。
• There is a lot of hustle and bustle in the railway station.火车站里非常拥挤。

17 superintendent   

n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长

参考例句：

• He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
• He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。

18 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

19 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

20 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。