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[00:02.35]第二十二单元 蜜蜂
[00:04.70]Lesson 85 1 Reading comprehension
[00:08.24]第八十五课 1 阅读理解
[00:11.78]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[00:14.56]快速朗读课文，找出问题的答案。
[00:17.35]1 How do honey bees communicate with each other?
[00:20.02]1 蜜蜂相互之间怎样通话？
[00:22.70]2 What are they able to tell each other?
[00:25.33]2 它们相互之间能告诉什么？
[00:27.95] THE LANGUAGE OF HONEY BEES(1)
[00:30.13]蜜蜂的语言（1）
[00:32.31]There are many different varieties of bee.
[00:34.59]有很多不同种类的蜂。
[00:36.86]Some live in large groups like the honey bee,
[00:39.34]有些成群结队地生活在一起，就像蜜蜂，
[00:41.82]and make their nests in trees or holes in the rocks.
[00:44.36]在树上筑巢或者在岩石挖洞。
[00:46.89]Other types of bee make their nests in holes in the ground.
[00:49.71]其他种的蜂在地底下的洞筑它们的巢。
[00:52.53]There are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all.
[00:55.47]还有其他种类的蜂根本不是生活在一起的。
[00:58.41]Among the different types of bee,
[01:00.29]在不同种类的蜂之间，
[01:02.17]it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists
[01:04.85]科学家们对蜜蜂最感兴趣，
[01:07.53]because of the "language" they use to communicate with each other.
[01:10.45]因为它们能用“语言”互相传递信息。
[01:13.38]The development of the modern beehive in 1851
[01:16.11]1851年新式蜂房研制出来了，
[01:18.84]made it possible to design experiments
[01:23.30]to research the language of honey bees.
[01:25.43]这才有可能来设计实验，研究蜜蜂的语言。
[01:27.56]Professor Karl von Frisch,an Austrian scientist,
[01:30.29]卡尔.冯.弗里施是奥地利的一位科学家，
[01:33.02]spent many years of his life researching
[01:35.35]花了很多年的时间在他一生的研究中，
[01:37.67]the amazing ways honey bees communicate in their dark hives.
[01:40.75]令人感到惊奇的是，蜜蜂在他们的黑蜂房里面沟通。
[01:43.84]After working with bees for many years,
[01:45.97]研究蜜蜂许多年后，
[01:48.09]Professor Von Frisch
[01:51.33]was puzzled by something he had noticed again and again.
[01:53.91]冯.弗里施教授对他再三观察到的事情感到很迷惑。
[01:56.48]When he placed little dishes of honey on a table,bees soon came.
[01:59.71]当他放一些蜂蜜在桌上的小盘子，蜂很快就过来了。
[02:02.93]As soon as one bee discovered the honey,
[02:04.97]一旦一只蜂发现有蜂蜜，
[02:07.01]many more come to it one after another in a short time.
[02:10.13]不一会儿，它们一个传一个，很多就聚在一起分享了。
[02:13.25]It seemed that one bee was able to communicate the news of food
[02:18.81]to other bees in its hive
[02:20.59]这看起来在它们的巢里面其中的一只蜂好像可以把食物的消息告诉别的蜂。
[02:22.37]How was this possible?
[02:23.90]这可能吗？
[02:25.42]To find out,Von Frisch built special hives,each with only one honeycomb.
[02:29.16]为了找出真相，冯.弗里施建立了一个特别的蜂房，
[02:32.89]He built a glass wall through which he could watch what went on inside.
[02:35.82]他建了一个他能够观察它们进去里面的玻璃墙。
[02:38.75]In order to tell the bees apart,
[02:43.00]he painted some bees with little spots of colour.
[02:45.54]为了区别这些蜜蜂，他在有些蜜蜂身上涂了一些小色点。他和另外两个科学家分享.他在1982年去世.
[02:48.07]When a marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table,
[02:51.04]当一个被标上号的蜜蜂从进料盘回来时，
[02:54.00]Von Frisch watched through the glass.
[02:56.12]冯.弗里施穿过玻璃观察它。
[02:58.23]To his astonishment,the bee began to perform a dance
[03:01.36]令他惊讶的是，这只蜜蜂开始跳舞了，
[03:04.48]on the surface of the honeycomb.
[03:06.25]在蜂巢的表面上。
[03:08.03]First it made a circle to the right,then to the left.
[03:10.99]首先，它向右转了一圈，然后又向左转了一圈。
[03:13.96]It repeated these circles over and over again.
[03:16.74]它一次又一次地重复着这样的动作。
[03:19.52]But that was not all.The dance seemed to excite the surrounding bees.
[03:23.25]但这不是全部。这只舞看起来很兴奋地绕着其他蜂转。
[03:26.97]They trooped behind the first dancer,copying its movements.
[03:30.30]它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作
[03:33.63]Then the bees left the hive and went to the feeding place.
[03:36.61]然后这些蜜蜂就离开蜂巢去到喂食地点。
[03:39.59]The circle dance seemed to communicate news of food.But what else?
[03:43.41]这只圈舞看起来是传达食物消息的方式。但是它还传递什么别的吗？
[03:47.24]Von Frisch wanted to find out
[03:49.21]冯.弗里施想发现
[03:51.18]whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was.
[03:54.37]这只舞是否告诉它们距离喂食地点有多远。
[03:57.56]So he set up two feeding places.One was close to the hive.
[04:01.28]所以他建立了两个喂食地点。一个靠近它们的巢。
[04:05.00]The other was much farther1 away from the hive.
[04:07.43]另一个离它们的巢比较远一些。
[04:09.86]He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue ,
[04:13.04]他给所有飞往附近喂食地点的蜜蜂标上蓝色，
[04:16.21]and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red.
[04:19.44]所有飞往远处的蜜蜂标上红色。
[04:22.66]When the bees came back to the hive,Von Frisch saw a curious sight.
[04:26.15]当蜜蜂回到巢时，冯.弗里施看到了一个奇怪的现象。
[04:29.64]All the bees that had been at the nearby place were doing the circling dance.
[04:33.41]所有在附近进食的蜜蜂都跳圈舞。
[04:37.19]All the bees that had been at the distant feeding place
[04:40.01]所有在远处的蜜蜂
[04:42.83]were doing a completely different dance,a wagging2 dance.
[04:45.75]都跳完全不同的舞，摆尾舞。
[04:48.68]The dancer ran in a straight line,wagging from side to side.
[04:51.76]跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线跑，腹部左右摆动。
[04:54.84]Then it turned in a semicircle,ran straight again,
[04:57.78]然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，
[05:00.72]and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side.
[05:03.45]在另一边又转半个圈。
[05:06.18]It kept repeating the "steps" over and over.
[05:08.66]它一遍又一遍地不断重复着这些“舞步”。
[05:11.14]Things were clear now.The circle dance meant that food was near.
[05:14.58]现在明白了。圈舞表示食物在附近。
[05:18.01]The wagging dance meant that food was far away.
[05:20.64]摆尾舞表示食物在远处。
[05:23.27]Lesson 86 1 Reading comprehension
[05:26.54]第八十六课 1 阅读理解
[05:29.82]Read the text fast to find the answer to this question:
[05:32.85]快速朗读课文，找出问题的答案。
[05:35.88]What else did Von Frisch notice about the wagging dance?
[05:38.96]冯.弗里施在摆尾舞中还注意到什么？
[05:42.05]THE LANGUAGE OF HONEY BEES (2)
[05:44.39]蜜蜂的语言（2）
[05:46.72]But then another question came up.
[05:48.76]但另一个问题出现了。
[05:50.80]Did the wagging dance tell the bees how far away the food was?
[05:54.18]摆尾舞告诉蜜蜂食物有多远吗？
[05:57.56]To answer this question,von Frisch and his co-workers
[06:00.39]为了回答这个问题，冯.弗里施和他的合作者
[06:03.21]set up a feeding place close to the hive.
[06:05.69]建了一个靠近蜂巢的进食地方。
[06:08.17]Then they slowly moved it farther and farther away.
[06:10.90]然后他们慢慢地把它移到越来越远的地方。
[06:13.63]Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely3.
[06:16.42]他们回到蜂房旁很近地观察它们的摆尾舞。
[06:19.22]With a stopwatch,they counted how many times the bees
[06:22.15]用一个秒表，他们数一数蜜蜂转多少遍
[06:25.07]repeated the dance during one minute.
[06:27.36]在一分钟内，它们重复这只舞。
[06:29.64]They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was,
[06:32.57]他们发一喂食地点越远，
[06:35.49]the slower the dance was.
[06:37.37]蜜蜂舞得越慢。
[06:39.26]So another astonishing fact came to light.
[06:41.62]于是又发现了一个惊人的情况。
[06:43.98]The number of wagging dances per minute
[06:48.53]told the exact distance to the feeding place.
[06:50.91]每分钟跳摆尾舞的次数说明了到喂食地点的精确距离。
[06:53.28]They also found out that bees fly a maximum distance of 3.2 kilometres
[06:57.55]他们也发现了蜜蜂最大飞行距离为3.2公里。
[07:01.83]between their hive and a feeding place.
[07:04.01]从蜂房到喂食地点的距离。
[07:06.19]Next Von Frisch thought that bees needed to know more
[07:09.37]接下来冯.弗里施想蜜蜂需要知道更多
[07:12.56]than just the distance to a faraway place.
[07:14.93]不仅仅是距离的远近。
[07:17.29]He thought they needed to know the direction to it.
[07:19.51]他想它们需要知道方向
[07:21.73]He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction.
[07:24.81]他开始发现摆尾舞是否表明方向。
[07:27.90]He put a glass dish with sugar water and honey to the west of the hive.
[07:31.37]他把一个装有糖水和蜂蜜的玻璃盘放在蜂巢的西边。
[07:34.84]A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.
[07:38.02]一只被标上号的蜜蜂自己喂饱后从盘子回到蜂巢。
[07:41.19]Soon,the bees in the hive flew out.They flew right to the dish.
[07:44.52]一会儿，在蜂巢里面的蜜蜂飞出来了。它们飞向盘子的右边。
[07:47.85]Then Von Frisch moved the dish to the east of the hive
[07:50.49]然后冯.弗里施把盘子移到蜂巢的东边
[07:53.13]and waited for a marked bee to feed.
[07:55.21]在等着被标上号的蜜蜂。
[07:57.28]Again the bees flew right to the dish.
[07:59.61]蜜蜂再一次飞向盘子的右边。
[08:01.93]How did the bees know exactly in which direction to fly?
[08:04.66]蜜蜂怎样知道准确的方向呢？
[08:07.39]Von Frisch watched the wagging dance very carefully.
[08:10.12]冯.弗里施很仔细地观察它们的摆尾舞。
[08:12.85]He noticed that the straight part of the dance
[08:17.32]was different in the afternoon
[08:19.15]他注意到下午舞蹈的直线部分
[08:20.98]from what it had been in the morning.
[08:22.86]与上午的情况不一样。
[08:24.74]It soon became clear that the straight part of the dance
[08:27.36]情况很快就弄清楚了，舞蹈的直线部分
[08:29.99]changed when the sun's position changed.
[08:32.17]是随着太阳位置的变化而变化。
[08:34.35]If the feeding place was toward4 the sun,
[08:39.00]the dancer headed straight upward5
[08:40.99]如果喂食地点向着太阳，跳舞的蜜蜂
[08:42.97]during the straight part of the wagging dance.
[08:45.15]在跳摆尾舞的直线部分时就一直向上。
[08:47.33]If the feeding place was away from the sun,
[08:49.55]如果喂食地点远离太阳，
[08:51.77]the straight part of the wagging dance pointed6 downward.
[08:54.27]摆尾舞的直线部分就会向下。
[08:56.76]The wagging dance of the honey bee,therefore,
[08:58.98]因此，蜜蜂的摆尾舞，
[09:01.20]did show the direction of a feeding place.
[09:03.43]是说明喂食地点的方向的。
[09:05.65]When honey bees have discovered a feeding place,
[09:07.88]当蜜蜂发现一个喂食地点时，
[09:10.11]they fly directly to it from the hive.
[09:12.18]它们直接从蜂巢飞向那里。
[09:14.24]After a short time a line of bees fly to and from the hive like a thin stream.
[09:18.21]过不一会儿，一队蜜蜂像一条小溪一样在蜂房和喂食地点之间来回飞行。
[09:22.18]Centuries ago ,the word "beeline"
[09:24.66]数百年以前，就有人用
[09:27.14]was made to describe this thin line of bees flying through the air.
[09:30.17]这个词描写蜜蜂在空中飞行的窄细路线。
[09:33.20]From this we get the expression"to make a beeline for someone or something",
[09:36.73]由此可得，我们得到的解释是“用窄细路线来形容某人或某物”，
[09:40.26]which means to go quickly along
[09:44.20]a straight direct course for someone or something.
[09:46.88]意思是迅速地沿着一条直道向某人或某物走去。他和另外两个科学家分享.他在1982年去世.
[09:49.56]For his lifetime's work in studying the communication of animals,
[09:52.43]在他的一生中，他都从事动物沟通这项工作，
[09:55.30]including honey bees,
[09:58.57]Professor Karl von Frisch was given a Nobel Prize in 1973,
[10:02.34]包括蜜蜂，卡尔.冯.弗里施教授在1973年获得了诺贝尔奖。他和另外两个科学家分享.他在1982年去世.
[10:06.12]which he shared with two other scientists.He died in 1982.
[10:09.80]他和另外两个科学家分享.他在1982年去世
收听单词发音 |
1
farther
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| adj.更远的，进一步的；adv.更远的，此外；far的比较级 | |
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2
wagging
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| adj.（左右）摆动，摇摆，摇动v.（使）摇动，摇摆( wag的现在分词 ) | |
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3
closely
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| adv.紧密地；严密地，密切地 | |
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4
toward
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| prep.对于，关于，接近，将近，向，朝 | |
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5
upward
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| adj.向上的，上升的；adv.向上，上升 | |
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6
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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