高中英语人教版必修4 04

[00:05.09]Reading
[00:07.94]COMMUNICATION:NO PROBLEM?
[00:12.38]Your director¹ has sent you to meet business people at Pudong Airport.
[00:19.44]They are visitors coming from several countries,
[00:24.58]who are interested in the development of China.
[00:30.22]They are from Europe,North America,South America and Asia.
[00:37.30]They will be meeting at a major hotel with loval business people
[00:43.86]and people who represent² the Chinese government.
[00:49.21]Four people enter looking around in a curious way.
[00:54.96]You do not want to disappoint your boss,
[00:59.82]and this is an exciting experience for you,
[01:04.78]so you stand watching and listening.
[01:09.22]The first person who arrives is Mr Garcia from Columbia,
[01:15.57]closely³ followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
[01:21.01]You introduce them to each other,and are surprised by what you see.
[01:27.95]Mr Garcia approaches Ms Smith,
[01:32.81]touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheek.
[01:38.27]You see her step back appearing surprised,
[01:43.31]and take a few steps away from Mr Garcia.
[01:48.56]You think that there may have been a mistake.
[01:53.24]The visitor from Japan comes in smiling
[01:58.28]at the same time as George Cook from Canada.
[02:03.56]As they are introduced,
[02:07.01]Mr Cook reaches his hand out to the Japanese who bows.
[02:13.54]His nose touches Mr Cook's moving hand,and they both apologize.
[02:20.62]There has been another mistake.
[02:24.46]These are examples of learned⁴ or cultural"body language".
[02:30.70]Not all cultures greet each other the same way,
[02:35.95]nor are they comfortable touching⁵ strangers or being too close or too far away.
[02:44.28]In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,
[02:50.16]they also express their feelings using unspoken"language"
[02:56.93]through keeping physical distance,actions or posture⁶.
[03:02.99]English people usuall do not stand very close to others
[03:09.15]or touch strangers as soon as they meet.
[03:13.70]people from places like Spain,
[03:17.64]Italy or South American countries approach others closely
[03:24.30]and are more likely to touch them.
[03:28.35]Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands,
[03:35.43]but some cultures use other greetings as well.
[03:40.79]Japanese people will bow.
[03:44.73]Ahmed Aziz is a businessman from Jordan.
[03:49.90]He moves very close to you as you introduce yourself to him.
[03:55.02]You move back a bit.
[03:58.37]He comes closer to ask you a question,and then shakes your hand.
[04:05.13]Madame Coulon is from France.
[04:09.50]She arrives hurrying,recognizes Mr Garcia's smiling face,
[04:16.65]then they shake hands and kiss each other twice on each cheek.
[04:23.31]That is what French people usually do when they meet people they know.
[04:29.87]But Ahmed Aziz simply nods at the two women.
[04:35.33]Men from Middle East or some Muslim countries
[04:40.66]often stand quite close to other men to talk.
[04:45.91]Many of them will not shake hands with women.
[04:50.87]None of these actions is either good or bad.
[04:56.54]They are simply the ways in which cultures have developed.
[05:01.69]Body language is very general,
[05:06.05]and not all members of all cultures behave the same way.
[05:11.90]It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty⁷ in communication.
[05:18.98]Using Language
[05:27.73]Reading and talking
[05:31.49]SHOWING OUR FEELINGS
[05:35.33]Body lanuage shows all kinds of feelings,
[05:40.79]wishes and attitudes and is sometimes more important than spoken language.
[05:48.94]We might understand others,
[05:52.57]sometimes even if they do not want us to,or do not speak to us.
[05:59.63]This means⁸ that we can also misunderstand each other.
[06:05.69]Some body language is similar everywhere.
[06:11.04]You might fromn and turn your back to someone to show anger.
[06:16.69]If you close your hand and shake it at someone,
[06:21.52]you are threatening that person.
[06:25.36]A smile is the universal⁹ facial¹⁰ expression

[06:31.60]it is intended to put people at ease¹¹.
[06:36.36]It does not always mean that you are happy,however.
[06:41.82]A smile can hide other feelings,like anger,fear or worry.
[06:50.36]If someone"loses face"they may smile to hide it.
[06:57.23]That is not a happy smile.
[07:01.59]In most countries,nodding the head up and down shows agreement,
[07:08.85]while shaking the head means that you do not agree,
[07:14.42]or that you refuse to do something.
[07:18.67]If you look away from a person or yawn¹²,
[07:23.25]they may think you are not interested in them.
[07:27.69]If you stand holding your arms across your chest¹³,
[07:33.25]you may be protecting yourself--just from a conversation you do not want!
[07:41.71]If you sit looking at and turn toward¹⁴ the person you are talking to,
[07:48.79]it shows that you are interested.
[07:52.95]If you roll your eyes and turn your head away,
[07:58.09]most likely you do not believe what you are hearing,
[08:03.16]or you do not like what you hear.
[08:07.21]We show respect for people by using different gestures.
[08:13.27]It is probaly not a good idea to give a hug to your boss or to your teacher.
[08:20.53]You should not stand too close to him or her
[08:25.60]and should stand with your hands a little open
[08:30.35]to show that you are willing¹⁵ to listen.
[08:34.30]There are differences in body language,however,
[08:38.97]and it is important to give them attention.
[08:44.33]In Asian and South American countries,
[08:49.29]children are taught that looking directly¹⁶ at an adult is not good behaviour.
[08:56.14]However,some teachers in North America punish students
[09:03.40]who do not look them in the eye
[09:07.06]because they think they are not telling the truth.
[09:11.92]We can often be wrong about each other,
[09:16.38]so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!
[09:23.33]Listening,writing and speaking
[09:33.39]1 Listen to the passage"To drive or not to drive".
[09:42.03]Look at these pictures of the story
[09:46.40]and arrange them by numbers in the correct order to tell the story

1 director   

n.主管，导演；主任；理事；董事；处长

参考例句：

• The director has taken the visitors off to his office.经理把客人带到他办公室去了。
• The new director is easy to get along with.新来的主任很好处。

2 represent   

vt.表现，表示；描绘，讲述；代表，象征；回忆；再赠送，再上演；vi.提出异议

参考例句：

• I'll represent to him the risk he is running.我要向他指出他所面临的险境。
• We selected her to represent us.我们选她作为我们的代表。

3 closely   

adv.紧密地；严密地，密切地

参考例句：

• We shall follow closely the development of the situation.我们将密切注意形势的发展。
• The two companies are closely tied up with each other.这两家公司之间有密切联系。

4 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

5 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

6 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

7 difficulty   

n.困难，费劲；难事，难题；麻烦，困境

参考例句：

• If there is any difficulty,please let us know promptly.倘有困难，请迅速通知我们。
• A little difficulty like this is nothing to us.这点困难算不了什么。

8 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。

9 universal   

adj.宇宙的，全世界的；普遍的，一般的；通用的，万能的

参考例句：

• First of all we should make primary education universal.首先我们应普及初等教育。
• Climate change is a universal problem.气候变化是个世界性的问题。

10 facial   

adj.面部的，脸上的

参考例句：

• I've made an appointment for a facial tomorrow.我约好明天去做美容。
• The chimpanzee uses facial expressions for communication.黑猩猩用面部表情进行交流。

11 ease   

n. 安乐,安逸,悠闲; v. 使...安乐,使...安心,减轻,放松

参考例句：

• His mind was at ease and he felt confident in the future. 他心情舒畅,对前途很有信心。
• You should ease up on the child and stop scolding her. 你应该对那个孩子宽松些,不要再骂她了。

12 yawn   

n.呵欠；v.打呵欠

参考例句：

• He got up with a stretch and a yawn.他站起来伸伸懒腰，打个呵欠。
• Her yawn suggests that she is sleepy.她打哈欠表示她很困了。

13 chest   

n.胸，大箱子，金库，资金，一箱，密封室，衣橱

参考例句：

• The bear's chest is hairy.那只熊的胸部毛茸茸的。
• Mother has a pain in her chest.母亲胸口疼.。

14 toward   

prep.对于，关于，接近，将近，向，朝

参考例句：

• Suddenly I saw a tall figure approaching toward the policeman.突然间我看到一个高大的身影朝警察靠近。
• Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran toward her. 看到她我笑了，并跑了过去。

15 willing   

adj.愿意的，自愿的，乐意的，心甘情愿的

参考例句：

• We never lack food and clothing if we're willing to work.如果我们愿意工作,就不会缺吃少穿。
• He's quite willing to pay the price I ask.他很愿意照我的要价付钱。

16 directly   

adv.直接地，径直地；马上，立即

参考例句：

• I will telephone you directly I hear the news.我一听到消息，马上打电话给你。
• She answered me very directly and openly.她非常坦率地、开门见山地答复了我。