2018年经济学人 合理的怀疑:信用卡账单到了(1)

 

Finance and Economics

财经

Free exchange: Reasonable doubt

自由交流：合理的怀疑

Richard Thaler wins the Nobel prize for economic sciences

理查德·赛勒赢得诺贝尔经济学奖

The credit-card bill arrives.

信用卡账单到了。

You have enough money in a savings¹ account to pay it off—the sensible thing to do, arithmetically speaking, since the interest rate on the credit-card balance far exceeds that earned on the savings.

你在储蓄账户中有足够的钱把账单付清——从算术上来说，这是该做的合理之事，因为信用卡余额的利率远远超出储蓄所得。

Yet you leave the savings untouched, and pay only as much of the bill as your current-account balance allows.

然而，你却让储蓄不被触及，仅支付你的常规账户余额允许你支付的那部分账单。

What looks a daft choice to most economists² makes perfect sense to Richard Thaler, who on October 9th was awarded the Nobel prize for economics for his work in behavioural economics.

对大多数经济学家看起来来是愚蠢的选择，对10月9日因其对行为经济学的研究而荣获诺贝尔经济学奖的理查德·赛勒来说却具有重大的意义。

Mr Thaler helped demonstrate how human reasoning diverges³ from that of the perfectly⁴ rational homo economicus used in most economic modelling.

赛勒促成了人类推理行为如何迥异于被用在大多数经济学建模行为中的完全理性的经理人推理行为的阐释。

The world, and the field of economics, is better for his contributions.

这个世界以及经济学，因为他的贡献而愈发美好。

Economists mostly recognise that normal people fall short of perfect rationality in day-to-day decision-making.

经济学家大都承认，普通人在日常决策行为中缺乏完全理性。

Economic modelling requires simplification, however, and economists generally suppose that theories assuming people are well-informed and rational offer the best available account of economic activity.

然而，经济学上的建模行为要求简单化，同时经济学家通常认为，假设人们已经被很好地告知的理论以及理性，给经济行为提供了最好的可用账户。

Over time, however, scholars have built up an imposing⁵ list of the ways in which humans systematically⁶ refuse to behave as the models predict.

然而，长期以来，学界却形成了一份堂堂正正的有关人类用以系统性地拒绝如模型所预期地那样行为的方法的名单。

Economists such as Herb Simon (who won the Nobel in 1978) , Daniel Kahneman (2002) and Robert Shiller (2013) are celebrated⁷ for their contributions to this effort.

（1978年赢得诺贝尔奖的）赫伯·西蒙、（2002年获奖的）丹尼尔·卡尼曼和（2013年获奖的）罗伯特·席勒等经济学家，已经因为他们对这方面尝试的贡献而为人称道。

But perhaps more than any other scholar, Mr Thaler lifted behavioural economics to prominence⁸, and helped put its lessons into practice.

但是，赛勒可能比任何其他学者都要多地，将行为经济学提升到了突出地位，让这门科学的研究成果走入了实践。

1 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

2 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 diverges   

分开( diverge的第三人称单数 )； 偏离； 分歧； 分道扬镳

参考例句：

• The beam of flashlight diverges, but it can be refocused with lenses. 一个发散的闪光灯束可以用透镜重新聚焦。
• At the end of the wood, the path diverges to the left. 在树林的尽头，小路向左拐去。

4 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

5 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

6 systematically   

adv.有系统地

参考例句：

• This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
• The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。

7 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

8 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。