2018年经济学人 一周要闻 美国重启伊朗制裁 芝加哥经历“血腥周末”加拿大沙特外交危机

 

America reimposed sanctions on Iran, three months after pulling out of an accord brokered¹ in 2015 to roll back its nuclear-weapons programme. A European Union law aims to shield EU-based firms that deal with Iran from the sanctions. But Donald Trump² tweeted that anyone doing business with Iran will not be doing business with America. Scores of international companies have said they will comply with the order. Tougher sanctions come into force in November that curb³ Iranian energy exports.

美国再次对伊朗实施制裁，三个月前，美国退出了2015年达成的一项削减核武器计划的协议。欧盟的一项法律旨在保护与伊朗打交道的欧盟公司免受制裁。但美国总统特朗普在推特上表示，任何与伊朗做生意的公司都别想跟美国做生意。数十家跨国公司表示，将遵守这一命令。更为严厉的制裁措施将于11月生效，目的是限制伊朗的能源出口。

Saudi Arabia expelled Canada’s ambassador, froze trade with the country and will reportedly dump its Canadian investments. The kingdom’s ire was raised by a series of tweets from Canada’s foreign minister, in which she called for the release of Saudi human-rights activists⁴.

沙特阿拉伯驱逐了加拿大大使，冻结了与加拿大的贸易往来，据称还将抛售其在加拿大的投资。加拿大外交部长在推特上发布的一系列推文激起了沙特王国的愤怒，她在推文中呼吁释放沙特人权活动人士。

The government in Zimbabwe continued arresting and torturing members of the opposition⁵, two weeks after disputed elections that saw President Emmerson Mnangagwa and his ruling Zanu-PF party hang onto power. The situation is chaotic⁶. According to reports, the chief of the armed forces did not order the crackdown. A former army chief, Constantino Chiwenga, who is now the vice-president, is suspected of calling the shots.

津巴布韦政府仍然在逮捕和折磨反对派成员。两周前，津巴布韦总统埃默森·姆南加古瓦及其执政党非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线(Zanu-PF)举行了一次有争议的选举。当时的情况十分混乱。据报道，武装部部长并未下令镇压。前国防司令，现任副总统的奇文加（Constantino Chiwenga）被疑是主谋。

Joseph Kabila said he would not run for a third term as president of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The constitution says he cannot, but that did not previously⁷ trouble him. His term should have ended in 2016. An election is scheduled for December.

约瑟夫·卡比拉(Joseph Kabila)表示，他不会竞选刚果民主共和国(Democratic Republic of Congo)第三届总统任期。宪法不允许他这么做，但这并未对他造成困扰。他的任期本应于2016年结束。总统选举定于今年12月举行。

Nigeria’s vice-president, Yemi Osinbajo, who is acting⁸ as president while Muhammadu Buhari is on holiday, fired the country’s spy chief after masked security men barricaded⁹ parliament. Dozens of lawmakers recently switched their loyalty¹⁰ from the ruling party to the opposition.

尼日利亚副总统奥辛巴乔(Yemi Osinbajo)在布哈里(Muhammadu Buhari)度假期间代行总统职责，该国的情报局长因戴面具的警卫在议会设置路障被奥辛巴乔解雇。近期，数十名议员退出执政党转而投奔反对党。

I’d start worrying

我开始担心

The Republicans appeared to have clung on in a special election for a congressional seat in the suburbs of Columbus, Ohio. The Republican candidate’s margin¹¹ of victory stood at just one percentage point in a district that the party won by 37 points in 2016. In another election that was too close to call, Kris Kobach, who spearheaded (unfounded) allegations of voter fraud at the election in 2016, had a tiny lead in the Republican primary for governor of Kansas.

共和党人似乎在俄亥俄州哥伦布郊区的一场特别的国会选举中险胜。在共和党于2016年以37%的支持率赢下的选区中，这位共和党候选人的获胜优势仅为1%。在另一场胶着的选举中，曾带头（毫无根据地）指责投票造假的克里斯·科巴赫(Kris Kobach)在共和党堪萨斯州州长初选中以微弱的优势领先。

Chicago endured its bloodiest¹² weekend of the year. At least 74 people were shot between Friday afternoon and early Monday, 12 of them fatally.

芝加哥经历了今年最为血腥的周末。从周五下午到周一凌晨，至少有74人遭到枪击，其中12人丧命。

Presidential target

总统的目标

In an apparent attempt to assassinate¹³ Venezuela’s president, Nicolas Maduro, two drones carrying explosives flew near him as he addressed the paramilitary National Guard. One blew up in mid-air. The other struck a building. The guardsmen panicked and fled. A group calling itself Soldiers in T-shirts claimed responsibility. At least seven people were arrested. Inflation in Venezuela is so high that prices double every 25 days.

在一次明显针对委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的暗杀行动中，两架无人机携带着炸药飞向正在对准军事国民警卫队(National Guard)发表讲话的总统。其中一枚炸弹在半空中引爆。另一枚击中了一座建筑物。卫兵们惊慌失措、四处逃窜。一个号称“T恤军民族运动”(National Movement of Soldiers in T-shirts)的组织宣称对此次袭击负责。至少7人被逮捕。委内瑞拉的通货膨胀如此之高，以至于物价每25天就翻一番。

1 brokered   

adj.由权力经纪人安排（或控制）的v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的过去式和过去分词 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排…

参考例句：

• a peace plan brokered by the UN 由联合国出面协商的和平计划
• Your husband brokered the deal to go in, transfrer the assets and get our man out. 你丈夫后来插了一脚，把生意都抢了过去，我们的人也被挤了出来。 来自电影对白

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 chaotic   

adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的

参考例句：

• Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
• The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

7 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

8 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

9 barricaded   

设路障于，以障碍物阻塞( barricade的过去式和过去分词 )； 设路障[防御工事]保卫或固守

参考例句：

• The police barricaded the entrance. 警方在入口处设置了路障。
• The doors had been barricaded. 门都被堵住了。

10 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

11 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

12 bloodiest   

adj.血污的( bloody的最高级 )；流血的；屠杀的；残忍的

参考例句：

• The Russians were going to suffer their bloodiest defeat of all before Berlin. 俄国人在柏林城下要遭到他们的最惨重的失败。 来自辞典例句
• It was perhaps the bloodiest hour in the history of warfare. 这也许是战争史上血腥味最浓的1个小时。 来自互联网

13 assassinate   

vt.暗杀，行刺，中伤

参考例句：

• The police exposed a criminal plot to assassinate the president.警方侦破了一个行刺总统的阴谋。
• A plot to assassinate the banker has been uncovered by the police.暗杀银行家的密谋被警方侦破了。