2018年经济学人 一周要闻 特朗普亲信落马 奥巴马清洁能源计划被废 前联合国秘书长安南去世

 

Two of Donald Trump¹’s closest former advisers² were convicted in separate court cases on a raft of charges. Michael Cohen, the president’s erst while personal lawyer, struck a plea-bargain deal with federal prosecutors³ and admitted that he had paid off two women claiming to have had affairs with Mr Trump. Damningly, he said he did this “in co-ordination and at the direction of ” Mr Trump (who was not named directly in the case). Paul Manafort, Mr Trump’s campaign manager until August 2016, was found guilty of tax fraud. He also faces trial on charges relating to his work for pro-Russian Ukrainians.

唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)最亲密的两名前顾问因一系列指控在不同的法庭案件中被判有罪。迈克尔·科恩(Michael Cohen)曾是特朗普的私人律师，他与联邦检察官达成了一项和解协议，承认曾向两名声称与特朗普有染的女性支付“封口费”。糟糕的是，他指出，自己这么做是经过“协调的”，而且是在特朗普授意下(特朗普在此案中并未直接点名)。于2016年8月卸任的特朗普竞选经理保罗·马纳福特(Paul Manafort)被判犯有税务欺诈罪。他还面临着其他指控的审判，主要与为亲俄乌克兰人工作有关。

Duncan Hunter, a Republican congressman⁴ from California, was charged with misusing⁵ campaign funds for personal use. He is the second Republican to face criminal charges this month: Chris Collins, who represents a districtin upstate New York, has been indicted⁶ for insider trading.

来自加利福尼亚的共和党国会议员邓肯·亨特（Duncan Hunter）被控滥用竞选资金用于个人用途。他是本月第二位面临刑事指控的共和党人：此前，代表纽约州北部某地区的克里斯·柯林斯(Chris Collins)因内幕交易罪被起诉。

The Trump administration ditched the Clean Power Plan, which set federal guidelines for states to reduce their carbon emissions⁷. Under the new Affordable⁸ Clean Energy rule, states will be allowed to set less stringent⁹ standards and coal can once again be included in an “efficient” energy mix.

特朗普政府废除了“清洁能源计划”(Clean Power Plan)，该计划为各州制定了减少碳排放的联邦指导方针。根据新的“可负担清洁能源规则”，各州将被允许设定较为宽松的排放标准，煤炭可被再次纳入“高效”能源行列。

Depreciating¹⁰, fast

贬值,迅速

Venezuela’s president, Nicolas Maduro, announced a series of measures to shore up the economy, which is suffering from a deep depression and hyperinflation. He devalued the currency by 95% and replaced it with a new currency, the “sovereign bolívar”, which has five fewer zeroes. He admitted that hyperinflation had been caused by printing bolívares to finance a massive budget deficit¹¹ and promised a “zero deficit”. The new currency is to be pegged¹² to the petro, a unit of account backed by oil reserves. It began depreciating soon after its introduction.

委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)宣布了一系列措施来支撑经济，该国正遭受着严重的经济萧条和恶性通货膨胀。马杜罗将货币直接贬值95%，新货币——“主权玻利瓦尔”取而代之，后者比前者少了5个零。他承认，为弥补巨额预算赤字而印制玻利瓦尔货币，导致了恶性通胀，并承诺实现“零赤字”。新货币将与以石油储量为基础的记账单位石油币（petro）挂钩。新货币推出后不久开始贬值。

As Venezuelans flee their country in the thousands, Ecuador introduced restrictions¹³ on Venezuelan migrants, saying they must hold a passport to enter. Around 4,000 Venezuelans are arriving at the Ecuadorean border each day, many en route to Peru and Chile. In Brazil a Venezuelan migrant camp was attacked and its occupants driven back over the border.

在数千名委内瑞拉人逃离国家之际，厄瓜多尔对委内瑞拉难民实施了限制，称他们必须持有护照才可入境。每天约有4000名委内瑞拉人抵达厄瓜多尔边境，其中许多人打算继续前往秘鲁和智利。在巴西，一处委内瑞拉难民营遭到袭击，而难民被赶回边境。

The youth have their say

年轻人有发言权

Protests erupted in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, following the detention¹⁴ of five opposition¹⁵ MPs, including Bobi Wine, who is also a popular singer. Mr Wine says the government is trying to kill him. At least one protester died when police fired tear gas and tried to remove barricades¹⁶ that have been erected¹⁷ across the city.

在乌干达首都坎帕拉，5名反对派议员被拘引发了抗议活动，其中包括流行歌手博比·温恩（Bobi Wine）。温恩称，政府想要谋杀他。警察向人群发射催泪瓦斯并拆除城市各处设置的路障时，造成至少一名抗议者死亡。

Kofi Annan, the seventh secretary-general of the UN, died after a short illness. Mr Annan, the first sub-Saharan African to lead the organisation¹⁸, sparred with America over its war in Iraq. But many will remember him for drawing attention to the plight¹⁹ of the poor, the sick and the victims of conflict.

联合国第七任秘书长科菲·安南（Kofi Annan）因病去世。安南是第一位领导联合国的撒哈拉以南非洲人，他曾与美国就伊拉克战争问题争执不下。但许多人会记得他，因为他让全世界开始关注穷人、病人和冲突受害者的困境。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

3 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

4 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

5 misusing   

v.使用…不当( misuse的现在分词 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用

参考例句：

• This means we must stop misusing them. 也就是说，我们已必须停止滥用抗菌素不可了。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 预防生物武器
• Misusing organic fertilizer may cause a decrease in the soil's quality. 滥用有机肥料可能会导致土地的土质下降。 来自互联网

6 indicted   

控告，起诉( indict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The senator was indicted for murder. 那位参议员被控犯谋杀罪。
• He was indicted by a grand jury on two counts of murder. 他被大陪审团以两项谋杀罪名起诉。

7 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

8 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

9 stringent   

adj.严厉的；令人信服的；银根紧的

参考例句：

• Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures.金融家呼吁对这些严厉的措施予以放宽。
• Some of the conditions in the contract are too stringent.合同中有几项条件太苛刻。

10 depreciating   

v.贬值，跌价，减价( depreciate的现在分词 )；贬低，蔑视，轻视

参考例句：

• Explain how depreciating PP&E is an example of the matching principle. 解释房产、厂房、设备折旧如何体现了配比原则？ 来自互联网
• Explain how depreciating an example of the matching principle. 解释房产、房、备折旧如何体现了配比原则？ 来自互联网

11 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

12 pegged   

v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的过去式和过去分词 )；使固定在某水平

参考例句：

• They pegged their tent down. 他们钉好了账篷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She pegged down the stairs. 她急忙下楼。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

13 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

14 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

15 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

16 barricades   

路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up. 警察冲破了示威者筑起的街垒。
• Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 另一些人年轻时就死在监牢里或街垒旁。

17 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

18 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

19 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。