2019年经济学人 一周要闻 芝加哥首位同性恋市长 英国脱欧陷入僵局 特朗普停援中美洲三国

 

Lori Lightfoot won a run-off election to become Chicago’s mayor, and will be the first black woman and gay person to hold the office. Ms Lightfoot trounced Toni Preckwinkle, a mainstay of the city’s establishment. Her victory could herald¹ a change in Chicago’s machine politics.

洛丽·莱特富特赢得了芝加哥市长的决胜选举，她将成为首位担任该职务的黑人女性和同性恋者。莱特富特女士击败了对手托妮·普里克温克尔(Toni Preckwinkle)，后者是该市建制派的中坚力量。她的胜利可能预示着芝加哥机器政治的变革。

Making the poor even poorer

穷人更穷

Donald Trump² suspended $500m in aid to three Central American countries: El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. He complained that they were doing “absolutely nothing” to stop migrants from leaving their countries and trying to get into America. Migration³ from the poor, violent Northern Triangle has recently surged on the Mexican border.

特朗普暂停了对三个中美洲国家的5亿美元援助：他们是萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯。他抱怨称，他们“绝对没有做任何努力”来阻止移民离开他们的国家，并且试图进入美国。最近，墨西哥边境的移民激增，他们来自贫穷且暴力活动不断的北部三角地区。

Venezuela’s constituent⁴ assembly stripped the opposition⁵’s leader, Juan Guaidó, of his immunity⁶ from prosecution⁷. More than 54 countries acknowledge Mr Guaidó, who leads the opposition-controlled national assembly, as Venezuela’s interim⁸ president.

委内瑞拉制宪会议剥夺了反对派领袖胡安·瓜伊多的起诉豁免权。超过54个国家承认瓜伊多为委内瑞拉临时总统，作为该国临时总统，瓜伊多领导着反对派控制的国民议会。

Brazil’s right-wing president, Jair Bolsonaro, ordered the armed forces to “commemorate” a military coup⁹ that took place in 1964. Soldiers marched at their barracks in honour of the occasion, but thousands of people protested.

巴西右翼总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）命令军队“纪念”1964年发生的军事政变。士兵们在军营里游行庆祝，而成千上万的民众却在抗议。

Canada’s prime minister, Justin Trudeau, expelled two former cabinet ministers from the parliamentary caucus¹⁰ of his Liberal Party. He said Jody Wilson-Raybould and Jane Philpott could no longer be part of a team in which they had no trust. Ms Wilson-Raybould has alleged¹¹ that the prime minister’s office had pressed her when she was attorney-general to drop the prosecution for corruption¹² of a big engineering firm. Ms Philpott quit saying the “independence and integrity of our justice system” is at stake.

加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多(Justin Trudeau)将两名前内阁部长逐出自由党的议会核心小组。他说，乔迪·威尔逊-雷博德和简·菲尔波特因诚信问题不再是小组的成员。威尔逊女士声称，在担任司法部长期间，曾遭到总理办公室施压，要求她撤回对一家大型工程公司腐败的起诉。而菲尔波特女士也表示，“我们司法体系的独立性和完整性”岌岌可危，随后辞职。

Walls come tumbling down

势如破竹

Volodymyr Zelensky, a TV comedian¹³, won the first round of Ukraine’s presidential election, beating more than 30 rivals. He will now face the incumbent¹⁴, Petro Poroshenko, in a second round on April 21st.

电视喜剧演员沃洛迪米尔·泽伦斯基(Volodymyr Zelensky)击败30多名竞争对手，在乌克兰总统大选首轮投票中胜出。他将在4月21日的第二轮选举中与现任总统佩特罗·波罗申科角逐。

Local elections in Turkey delivered a humiliating blow to the president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan. He lost in five of Turkey’s six biggest cities, including Istanbul and Ankara, the capital.

土耳其地方选举为总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安带来了耻辱性的打击。他在土耳其六大城市中的五座城市失利，包括伊斯坦布尔和首都安卡拉。

A political novice¹⁵, Zuzana Caputova, handily won in the second round of Slovakia’s presidential election. It has been a bad week for Europe’s incumbents¹⁶.

政治新手苏珊娜·卡普托娃（Zuzana Caputova）在斯洛伐克第二轮总统选举中轻松获胜。对于欧洲的现任领导人来说，这是糟糕的一周。

Britain’s Parliament was at an impasse¹⁷ over Brexit. Theresa May’s withdrawal¹⁸ agreement with the EU was rejected again, as were alternatives to her plan. The prime minister held talks with the opposition in an effort to break the deadlock¹⁹. MPs voted to ask for an extension, by one vote. European politicians looked on aghast, as they pondered whether to give Britain more time.

英国议会在脱欧问题上陷入僵局。特蕾莎·梅与欧盟的脱欧协议再次遭到否决，她的其他方案也一并被否。梅首相与反对派举行了会谈，试图打破僵局。议员们以一票之差投票要求延期脱欧。欧洲政客们在考虑是否给英国更多的时间时有些意外。

Police in Britain reported that two devices planted on rail tracks to cause disruption were related to Brexit, as one had a note attached threatening to bring the country to “its knees if we don’t leave”. The troublemaker’s plans were derailed because of EU safety regulations to detect sabotage²⁰.

英国警方报告称，安装在铁轨上企图制造破坏的两种设备与英国脱欧有关，其中一种设备上附有一张纸条，威胁称“如果我们不脱欧”，英国将“崩溃”。这一计划因欧盟检测破坏活动的安全规定而落空。

1 herald   

vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎

参考例句：

• In England, the cuckoo is the herald of spring.在英国杜鹃鸟是报春的使者。
• Dawn is the herald of day.曙光是白昼的先驱。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

4 constituent   

n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的

参考例句：

• Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。
• Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

7 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

8 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

9 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

10 caucus   

n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议

参考例句：

• This multi-staged caucus takes several months.这个多级会议常常历时好几个月。
• It kept the Democratic caucus from fragmenting.它也使得民主党的核心小组避免了土崩瓦解的危险。

11 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

12 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

13 comedian   

n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员

参考例句：

• The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.喜剧演员的笑话把人们逗乐了。
• The comedian enjoyed great popularity during the 30's.那位喜剧演员在三十年代非常走红。

14 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

15 novice   

adj.新手的，生手的

参考例句：

• As a novice writer,this is something I'm interested in.作为初涉写作的人，我对此很感兴趣。
• She realized that she was a novice.她知道自己初出茅庐。

16 incumbents   

教区牧师( incumbent的名词复数 )； 教会中的任职者

参考例句：

• In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being reelected. 通常现任官员有94%的几率会再次当选。
• This arangement yields a wonderful gain to incumbents. 这种安排为在职人员提供了意外的得益。

17 impasse   

n.僵局；死路

参考例句：

• The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
• Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。

18 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

19 deadlock   

n.僵局，僵持

参考例句：

• The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后，谈判陷入了僵局。
• The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。

20 sabotage   

n.怠工，破坏活动，破坏；v.从事破坏活动，妨害，破坏

参考例句：

• They tried to sabotage my birthday party.他们企图破坏我的生日晚会。
• The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage.那家工厂的火灾是有人蓄意破坏引起的。