2019年经济学人 一周要闻 习近平主席访问希腊 巴西前总统卢拉获释 玻利维亚总统辞职

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

China’s president, Xi Jinping, paid a visit to Greece, an important partner in the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to improve global infrastructure¹.

中国国家主席习近平访问了希腊，希腊是中国“一带一路”倡议的重要合作伙伴，该倡议旨在改善全球基础设施。

India’s Supreme² Court awarded the site of a mosque³ in the city of Ayodhya that was demolished⁴ by Hindu zealots in 1992 to Hindus planning to build a temple to the god Rama. It also criticised the destruction. The government was ordered to provide land nearby for the construction of a new mosque. The decision prompted grumbles⁵ from disappointed Muslims, but not the violence many had feared.

印度最高法院将阿约提亚市一座清真寺的原址土地判给计划建造罗摩神庙的印度教徒，这座清真寺在1992年被印度教狂热分子拆毁。该法院还批评了这一破坏行为。印度政府奉命在那附近提供土地建造一座新清真寺。这一决定导致失望的穆斯林开始抱怨，但并未引发许多人担心的暴力行为。

Gambia lodged⁶ a complaint against Myanmar at the International Court of Justice on behalf of the OIC, a group of predominantly Muslim countries. They accuse Myanmar of violating the un convention on genocide in its treatment of Rohingya Muslims.

冈比亚代表伊斯兰会议组织(一个以穆斯林为主的成员国组织)在国际法院对缅甸提起诉讼。他们指责缅甸在对待罗兴亚穆斯林的问题上违反了联合国种族灭绝公约。

Cambodia’s prime minister, Hun Sen, said he would release 70 opposition⁷ activists⁸ arrested in recent weeks. Under pressure from international donors⁹ the government had earlier released Kem Sokha, a prominent opposition leader, from house arrest.

柬埔寨首相洪森(Hun Sen)表示，他将释放近几周被捕的70名反对派活动人士。在国际捐助者的压力下，政府早些时候解除了著名的反对派领导人Kem Sokha的软禁。

Evo Morales quit as Bolivia’s president after nearly 14 years in office. The chief of the armed forces had suggested he leave following widespread protests, which broke out after Mr Morales’s victory in a dubious¹⁰ election on October 20th. Mr Morales accepted Mexico’s offer of political asylum¹¹. Jeanine ánez, a political foe¹² of Mr Morales, took office as Bolivia’s interim¹³ president. She has said she will hold fresh elections.

玻利维亚总统埃沃·莫拉莱斯在执政近14年后辞职。10月20日,莫拉莱斯在一次可疑的选举中获胜，随后爆发了大规模的抗议活动，武装部队总司令曾要求他辞职。莫拉莱斯接受了墨西哥提供的政治庇护。莫拉莱斯的政敌珍尼娜阿涅斯就任玻利维亚临时总统。她表示，将举行新的选举。

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president from 2003 to 2010, was freed from prison, where he was serving a sentence for corruption¹⁴, after the country’s highest court decided¹⁵ that people convicted of crimes could not be jailed until they had used up all their appeals. Upon his release Lula attacked the right-wing government of Jair Bolsonaro.

2003年至2010年担任巴西总统的路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦获释，他因腐败罪入狱服刑，此前巴西最高法院裁定，被判有罪的人在上诉期满之前可不入狱服刑。获释后的卢拉开始攻击右翼的博索纳罗政府。

Chile’s president, Sebastián Pinera, agreed to begin the process of writing a new constitution. But protesters who are demanding reforms rejected his offer. They want an assembly of citizens, rather than congress, to draft the new document.

智利总统皮涅拉同意开始起草新宪法。但是要求改革的抗议者拒绝了他的提议。他们希望由公民大会而不是国会来起草新宪法。

Israel killed a senior commander of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad group in Gaza, setting off a wave of violence. Palestinian militants¹⁶ fired more than 150 rockets into Israel, which responded with air strikes. The fighting may increase the likelihood that the two main political parties in Israel will form a unity¹⁷ government, breaking two months of political deadlock¹⁸.

以色列在加沙地带杀死了巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战组织的一名高级指挥官，引发了暴力浪潮。巴勒斯坦激进分子向以色列发射了150多枚火箭弹，以色列以空袭作为回应。这场战斗可能会增加以色列两个主要政党组成联合政府的可能性，从而打破两个月来的政治僵局。

1 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

2 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

3 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

4 demolished   

v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光

参考例句：

• The factory is due to be demolished next year. 这个工厂定于明年拆除。
• They have been fighting a rearguard action for two years to stop their house being demolished. 两年来，为了不让拆除他们的房子，他们一直在进行最后的努力。

5 grumbles   

抱怨( grumble的第三人称单数 )； 发牢骚； 咕哝； 发哼声

参考例句：

• He grumbles at his lot instead of resolutely facing his difficulties. 他不是果敢地去面对困难，而是抱怨自己运气不佳。
• I'm sick of your unending grumbles. 我对你的不断埋怨感到厌烦。

6 lodged   

v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属

参考例句：

• The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 dubious   

adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的

参考例句：

• What he said yesterday was dubious.他昨天说的话很含糊。
• He uses some dubious shifts to get money.他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。

11 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

12 foe   

n.敌人，仇敌

参考例句：

• He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
• A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。

13 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

14 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

15 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

16 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

17 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

18 deadlock   

n.僵局，僵持

参考例句：

• The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后，谈判陷入了僵局。
• The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。