2020年经济学人 一周要闻 苹果股价飙升 波音首次年度亏损 疫情或破坏全球经济

The world this week

一周要闻

Business

商业

The problems mounted at Boeing, as it more than doubled the cost it expects to incur¹ from the grounding of the 737 max airliner², to $18.6bn. The aerospace³ company reported a net loss of $636m for 2019, its first annual loss in 22 years. The amount of debt it holds is ratcheting up. And it is cutting production of the Dreamliner. To cap it all, Boeing took a $410m charge in the fourth quarter because its Starliner unmanned spacecraft failed to dock with the International Space Station on its maiden⁴ voyage.

波音公司面临的问题越来越多，因为该公司预计，停飞波音737 max客机的成本将增加一倍以上，达到186亿美元。该航空公司报告称，2019年净亏损6.36亿美元，这是22年来首次出现年度亏损。它持有的债务数额正在逐步增加。该公司还削减了the Dreamliner机型的产量。最糟糕的是，波音在第四季度收取了4.1亿美元的费用，原因是其“Starliner”无人驾驶宇宙飞船在首航时未能与国际空间站对接。

By contrast, Apple reported record quarterly sales and profit figures. Revenue was up by 9% in the last three months of 2019 compared with the same quarter a year earlier, to $91.8bn. That generated a net profit of $22.2bn. Sales of the iPhone rebounded⁵ after several quarters of moribund⁶ growth; Apple is expected to release its first 5g phones later this year. The company’s share price jumped, pushing its market capitalisation above $1.4trn.

相比之下，苹果公布了创纪录的季度销售和利润数据。2019年最后三个月的收入同比增长9%，达到918亿美元。该公司实现净利润222亿美元。在经历了几个季度停滞不前的增长后，iPhone的销量出现反弹;苹果预计将在今年晚些时候发布首款5G手机。该公司股价飙升，推动其市值超过1.4万亿美元。

Along with many other companies, Apple warned about the potential impact of the coronavirus on its business. It has mitigation plans to counter the loss of production from its suppliers in Wuhan, the centre of the virus, but is uncertain about its supply from elsewhere in China. Foxconn, which assembles most of Apple’s iPhones in China, saw its share price plunge⁷.

与许多其他公司一样，苹果也对冠状病毒对其业务的潜在影响发出了警告。该公司已制定了缓解计划，以应对其在疫情中心武汉的供应商的产量损失，但不确定是否能从中国其它地区获得供应。在中国组装苹果公司大部分iphone手机的富士康(Foxconn)股价暴跌。

Jerome Powell, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, said that the spreading coronavirus would probably cause “some disruption” to the global economy, but that it was unclear how far that would extend. The Fed left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at a range of between 1.5% and 1.75%.

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)表示，不断蔓延的冠状病毒疫情可能会对全球经济造成“一些破坏”，但目前尚不清楚这种影响会持续到何种程度。美联储将基准利率维持在1.5%至1.75%的区间不变。

The Japanese government sent a strong signal that it remains⁸ committed to its programme of quantitative-easing and negative interest rates by nominating Adachi Seiji to the policy board of the Bank of Japan. Mr Adachi is an ardent⁹ reflationist, who wants to ease monetary¹⁰ policy even further in order to achieve the central bank’s 2% inflation target. But as in other countries, the financial industry is becoming louder in pointing out the drawbacks to its business of long-term negative rates.

日本政府提名Adachi Seiji为日本央行(Bank of Japan)政策委员会成员，此举释放出一个强烈的信号，表明日本政府仍致力于其量化宽松和负利率计划。Adachi是一位狂热的通货再膨胀论者，他希望进一步放松货币政策，以实现央行设定的2%通胀目标。但与其他的国家一样，金融业越来越大声地指出长期负利率对其业务的不利之处。

McDonald’s said that like-for-like sales rose by 5.9% last year, the biggest such jump in a decade. The fast-food chain has revamped its menu and outlets¹¹, and has benefited from being included on a growing number of food-delivery apps.

麦当劳表示，去年同店销售额增长了5.9%，是十年来最大的增幅。这家快餐连锁店已经改进了菜单和门店，并从越来越多的外卖应用中受益。

1 incur   

vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇

参考例句：

• Any costs that you incur will be reimbursed in full.你的所有花费都将全额付还。
• An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.一个企业为了维持营业,就不得不承担一定的费用和开支。

2 airliner   

n.客机，班机

参考例句：

• The pilot landed the airliner safely.驾驶员使客机安全着陆。
• The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.旅客们被引导走过跑道去上飞机。

3 aerospace   

adj.航空的，宇宙航行的

参考例句：

• The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
• Edward Murphy was an aerospace engineer for the US Army.爱德华·墨菲是一名美军的航宇工程师。

4 maiden   

n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的

参考例句：

• The prince fell in love with a fair young maiden.王子爱上了一位年轻美丽的少女。
• The aircraft makes its maiden flight tomorrow.这架飞机明天首航。

5 rebounded   

弹回( rebound的过去式和过去分词 )； 反弹； 产生反作用； 未能奏效

参考例句：

• The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
• The ball rebounded from his racket into the net. 球从他的球拍上弹回网中。

6 moribund   

adj.即将结束的，垂死的

参考例句：

• The moribund Post Office Advisory Board was replaced.这个不起作用的邮局顾问委员会已被替换。
• Imperialism is monopolistic,parasitic and moribund capitalism.帝国主义是垄断的、寄生的、垂死的资本主义。

7 plunge   

v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲

参考例句：

• Test pool's water temperature before you plunge in.在你跳入之前你应该测试水温。
• That would plunge them in the broil of the two countries.那将会使他们陷入这两国的争斗之中。

8 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

9 ardent   

adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的

参考例句：

• He's an ardent supporter of the local football team.他是本地足球队的热情支持者。
• Ardent expectations were held by his parents for his college career.他父母对他的大学学习抱着殷切的期望。

10 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

11 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》