2020年经济学人 国际货币基金组织:结构性调整(1)

The IMF is familiar with unwelcome edicts. Its job as the world's lender of last resort often involves demanding reform.

IMF对不受欢迎的法令很熟悉。作为世界的最后贷款人，IMF的工作常常涉及要求改革。

But its staff may be discovering the unpleasantness of being on the receiving end.

但其员工可能会发现，作为接收方并不愉快。

Kristalina Georgieva, the fund's boss, is reorganising the institution.

IMF的总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃正在重组该机构。

Ms Georgieva took over as the IMF's managing director in October 2019 on a wave of good publicity¹.

2019年10月，在一波良好的宣传浪潮中，格奥尔基耶娃接任IMF总裁。

As the first boss from an emerging market, she regaled audiences with her own experiences of an IMF programme—

作为首位来自新兴市场的总裁，她用自己在IMF项目中的经历取悦了各位观众——

in the 1990s she saw hyperinflation in Bulgaria wipe out her mother's savings² in a week.

上世纪90年代，她目睹了保加利亚的恶性通货膨胀在一周之内消耗了她母亲的积蓄。

She arrived with a reputation for being able to manage large bureaucracies,

她以能够管理大型官僚机构的能力而闻名，

having previously³ been chief executive officer of the World Bank. A few months in, she has managed two senior deputies out.

此前她曾担任世界银行的首席执行官。几个月后，她已经成功地赶走了两名高级副手。

On February 7th she announced that David Lipton, the first deputy managing director,

2月7日，她宣布第一副总裁戴维·利普顿

and Carla Grasso, another deputy managing director, would leave at the end of the month.

以及另一名副总裁卡拉·格拉索将于月底离职。

Mr Lipton's reputation for diligence and technical expertise⁴ meant that the news of his early exit—

利普顿以勤奋和技术专长闻名，这意味着他提前离职的消息——

his term had been due to end in August 2021—was not well received by staffers old and new.

他的任期应在2021年8月结束——并没有得到新老员工的认可。

A rumour⁵ swirled⁶ that his departure was a ploy⁷ by President Donald Trump's administration to choose his successor.

谣言称他的离职是唐纳德·特朗普政府选择接班人的策略。

By convention, America appoints the first managing director.

按照惯例，美国任命第一总裁。

In fact it seems that Mr Lipton's departure was Ms Georgieva's doing.

实际上，似乎利普顿的离开是格奥尔基耶娃的功劳。

Her predecessor⁸, Christine Lagarde, had been content to be the IMF's public face

她的前任克里斯蒂娜·拉加德一直满足于成为IMF的公众形象

while Mr Lipton handled much of the day-to-day management.

而利普顿负责大部分的日常管理工作。

Ms Georgieva, though, is a more hands-on manager, making Mr Lipton's role, as currently defined, redundant⁹.

然而，格奥尔基耶娃是一位更亲力亲为的总裁，这使得利普顿的角色（按照目前的定义）显得多余。

And so he went. Ms Grasso, whose renewed term had started only five days before her departure was announced,

所以他离开了。格拉索的新任期才开始5天就宣布离开，

is leaving partly because her job is, unusually, one for which Ms Georgieva can pick a successor.

她离开的部分原因是因为格奥尔基耶娃可以选择一位接班人接替她的工作。

That would allow her to nominate someone to help realise her vision for the fund,

这将使她能够提名一个人来帮助实现她对基金的愿景，

which includes doing more to help fragile states and tackling climate change.

包括更多地帮助脆弱国家和应对气候变化。

1 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。

2 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

3 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

4 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

5 rumour   

n.谣言，谣传，传闻

参考例句：

• I should like to know who put that rumour about.我想知道是谁散布了那谣言。
• There has been a rumour mill on him for years.几年来，一直有谣言产生，对他进行中伤。

6 swirled   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks. 波浪翻滚着在岩石周围打旋。
• The water swirled down the drain. 水打着旋流进了下水道。

7 ploy   

n.花招，手段

参考例句：

• I think this is just a government ploy to deceive the public.我认为这只是政府欺骗公众的手段。
• Christmas should be a time of excitement and wonder,not a cynical marketing ploy.圣诞节应该是兴奋和美妙的时刻，而不该是一种肆无忌惮的营销策略。

8 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

9 redundant   

adj.多余的，过剩的；(食物)丰富的；被解雇的

参考例句：

• There are too many redundant words in this book.这本书里多余的词太多。
• Nearly all the redundant worker have been absorbed into other departments.几乎所有冗员，都已调往其他部门任职。