2020年经济学人 保护类人猿免受新冠病毒感染(2)

Dr Walsh and a group of colleagues at Thomas Jefferson University, in Philadelphia, and at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette,

Walsh博士、费城托马斯杰斐逊大学以及拉斐特的路易斯安那大学的同行估计

estimate that Ebola alone is responsible for the deaths of a third of the world's wild gorillas² over the past three decades.

在过去的30年里，仅埃博拉病毒就造成了世界上三分之一野生大猩猩的死亡。

Human respiratory viruses are the leading cause of death among chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania and Kibale National Park in Uganda.

在坦桑尼亚的贡贝国家公园以及乌干达的基巴莱国家公园，人类呼吸道病毒是造成黑猩猩死亡的首要病因。

Tony Goldberg of the University of Wisconsin-Madison was "intellectually prepared, but not emotionally prepared"

威斯康星大学的Tony Goldberg对于2013年基巴勒区爆发C型鼻病毒所造成的破坏

for the devastation³ caused in 2013 by an outbreak of rhinovirus C at Kibale, which killed 9% of one group of chimps⁴.

“思想上有所准备，但情感上没有准备”，这场病毒爆发导致某群中9%的黑猩猩死亡。

A covid-19 outbreak would be "another problem that the apes don't need", he observes.

他观察到，一次covid-19爆发将是“另一个类人猿不需要的问题”。

Jane Goodall, a pioneering primatologist who began her research on chimpanzees at Gombe 60 years ago, is also worried.

灵长类动物学家先驱Jane Goodall于60年前就在贡贝开始了她对黑猩猩的研究。

Tanzania has not enforced a full anti-covid lockdown, so villagers who live around the park could still spread the disease to the chimps.

坦桑尼亚没有对抗击疫情实施全面封锁，所以生活在园区的村民们仍可以将疾病传染给黑猩猩。

At Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation⁵ Centre in Congo-Brazzaville,

刚果共和国的庞噶黑猩猩康复中心

where her research institute also works, health checks are mandatory⁶ for humans and chimps alike.

（她的研究机构也在那里展开工作），对人类和黑猩猩进行强制性的健康检查。

The closure of conservation sites because of the pandemic poses another problem for apes.

由于疫情对类人猿造成了另一个问题，保护区因此关闭。

Around 40% of Virunga National Park's revenue has disappeared overnight, says Emmanuel de Merode, its director.

维龙加国家公园园长Emmanuel de Merode表示，一夜之间，该园区约4%的收入都消失了。

"This will present major challenges to ensuring that conservation efforts continue uninterrupted," he adds.

他补充道，“这将对确保园区保护工作的持续不间断构成重大挑战”。

Dr Walsh fears that if local economies are harmed by the closure of tourism sites, people will turn to poaching.

Walsh博士担心，如果当地经济受到旅游景点关闭的影响，人们会转而偷猎。

Some ape populations will cope with covid-19 better than others.

一些类人猿将比其他类人猿更好地应对covid-19。

Though chimpanzee troops are generally controlled by a dominant⁷ adult male,

虽然黑猩猩军队通常由占统治地位的成年雄性控制，

there are usually plenty of subordinates willing and eager to step in, should he die or be incapacitated.

但通常会有大量下属愿意并渴望加入，以防死亡或丧失能力。

Mountain-gorilla¹ groups, however, are normally harems that have several females but only a single adult male.

但山地大猩猩通常是只有一只成年雄性和几个雌性组成的群体。

If this silver-back were to die of covid-19, the females— likely to have been infected as well—would probably disperse⁸ to join other groups, spreading the virus further.

如果这只银背大猩猩死于covid-19，那么雌性——可能也已经被感染了——可能会分散加入其它群体，使得病毒进一步传播。

Mr de Merode says that if a gorilla tested positive for covid-19, his park "would consider a veterinary intervention⁹ to isolate¹⁰ and treat the individual,

de Merode表示，如果一只大猩猩covid-19呈阳性，那么他的园区“将考虑让兽医介入，来隔离和治疗个体，

but we would be in unknown territory". Most primatologists think isolating¹¹ a sick ape would be unfeasible.

但这将是我们未知的领域”。大多数灵长类动物学家认为隔离生病的类人猿是不可行的。

Rather, laments¹² Dr Wrangham, "we would just have to sit back and watch."

Wrangham博士悲叹称，“我们只能袖手旁观。”

1 gorilla   

n.大猩猩，暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• I was awed by the huge gorilla.那只大猩猩使我惊惧。
• A gorilla is just a speechless animal.猩猩只不过是一种不会说话的动物。

2 gorillas   

n.大猩猩( gorilla的名词复数 )；暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• the similitude between humans and gorillas 人类和大猩猩的相像
• Each family of gorillas is led by a great silverbacked patriarch. 每个大星星家族都由一个魁梧的、长着银色被毛的族长带领着。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 devastation   

n.毁坏；荒废；极度震惊或悲伤

参考例句：

• The bomb caused widespread devastation. 炸弹造成大面积破坏。
• There was devastation on every side. 到处都是破坏的创伤。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 chimps   

（非洲）黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Chimps are too scarce, and too nearly human, to be routinely slaughtered for spare parts. 黑猩猩又太少，也太接近于人类，不可以作为人器官备用件说杀就杀。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
• And as nonprimates, they provoke fewer ethical and safety-related concerns than chimps or baboons. 而且作为非灵长类，就不会产生像用黑猩猩或狒狒那样的伦理和安全方面的顾虑。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命

5 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

6 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

7 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

8 disperse   

vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散

参考例句：

• The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

9 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

10 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

11 isolating   

adj.孤立的，绝缘的v.使隔离( isolate的现在分词 )；将…剔出（以便看清和单独处理）；使（某物质、细胞等）分离；使离析

参考例句：

• Colour filters are not very effective in isolating narrow spectral bands. 一些滤色片不能很有效地分离狭窄的光谱带。 来自辞典例句
• This became known as the streak method for isolating bacteria. 这个方法以后就称为分离细菌的划线法。 来自辞典例句

12 laments   

n.悲恸，哀歌，挽歌( lament的名词复数 )v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside. 在那首诗里他对乡村遭到的破坏流露出悲哀。
• In this book he laments the slight interest shown in his writings. 在该书中他慨叹人们对他的著作兴趣微弱。 来自辞典例句