2020年经济学人 一周要闻 各国逐渐"解封" 福奇警告不要仓促复工 英首相宣布放松封锁

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治

Boris Johnson, Britain's prime minister, set out a path for easing lockdown in England. His message has changed from "stay at home" to "stay alert". Restrictions¹ will be eased in phases, depending on how quickly infections fall. Those who can't work from home are urged to return cautiously to theirjobs. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales published their own advice.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊提出了一条放松英国封锁的计划。他的宣传已经从“居家隔离”变成了“保持警惕”。限制措施将根据感染下降的速度分阶段放宽。政府敦促那些无法居家办公的人谨慎返回工作岗位。北爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士也发布了各自的建议。

France lifted many lockdown restrictions. Primary schools and nurseries have reopened. Most people are allowed to go back to work, with social distancing. Even hairdressers are operating again, but with compulsory² masks and no coffee to chat over.

法国取消了许多封锁限制。小学和托儿所重新开放。大多数人可以重返工作岗位，并且保持社交距离。甚至连美发师都重新开始工作了，但他们必须戴上口罩，而且不可以边喝咖啡边闲聊。

New York state also took tentative steps towards reopening; three of its regions have met seven criteria³, such as a 14-day decline in hospital admissions from COVID. In Wisconsin the state Supreme⁴ Court ruled against the Democratic governor and overturned an extension to his stay-at home order.

纽约州也采取了试验性的“解封”措施；其中三个地区达到7项重启标准，例如新冠肺炎患者入院人数14天内下降。在威斯康辛州，州最高法院做出了不利于民主党州长的判决，驳回了州政府对"居家令"的延长决定。

Anthony Fauci, an expert on infectious diseases who is advising the White House, told the Senate (via a video link) that rushing to end lockdowns before the pandemic has ended would result in more “suffering and death" and do more economic harm in the long run.

为白宫提供咨询的传染病专家安东尼·福奇（Anthony Fauci）通过视频告诉参议院，在大流行结束之前匆忙结束封锁将导致更多的“痛苦和死亡”，并造成更多的长期经济损失。

The governor of California, Gavin Newsom, said that ballot⁵ papers for November's elections would be posted to all homes. Far fewer polling stations will open than normal.

加州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）表示，将把11月选举的选票邮寄给所有选民。开放的投票站将比平时少得多。

William Barr, America's attorney-general, astounded⁶ Washington by dropping the criminal case against Michael Flynn, Donald Trump's first national security adviser⁷, who had pleaded guilty to misleading the Mueller inquiry⁸.

美国总检察长威廉·巴尔(William Barr)撤销了对特朗普的首位国家安全顾问迈克尔·弗林(Michael Flynn)的刑事指控，此举令华盛顿感到震惊。弗林承认误导了穆勒的调查。

Two advisers⁹ to Juan Guaidó, who is recognised by scores of democracies as Venezuela's interim¹⁰ president, resigned after a failed attempt to topple the regime of Nicolás Maduro. One of them, Juan Rendón, a Miami-based member of the Venezuelan opposition¹¹, admitted negotiating a preliminary agreement with the American security firm behind the botched raid, but says he backed away from the plan.

胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)被许多民主国家认可为委内瑞拉临时总统，他的两名顾问在试图推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)政权失败后辞职。其中一名是驻迈阿密的委内瑞拉反对派成员胡安·伦登(Juan Rendon)，他承认，在这起拙劣的军事政变中与这家美国安保公司达成了一项初步协议，但他表示放弃了这一计划。

Moisés Escamilla May, a leader of Los Zetas, a Mexican drug gang, died in prison of COVID-19. He was serving a 37-year sentence for crimes, including beheading 12 people in Yucatán. Mr Escamilla supplied cocaine¹² to Cancún.

墨西哥贩毒团伙“洛斯齐塔斯”的头目莫伊塞斯·埃斯卡米拉·梅（Moises Escamilla May）死于新冠肺炎。他被判37年监禁，罪名包括在尤卡坦半岛斩首12人。埃斯卡米拉向坎昆供应可卡因。

Avianca, Colombia's main airline, filed for bankruptcy¹³ protection in New York. Founded in 1919, it claims to be the world's second-oldest continuously operating airline. Its boss blamed COVID-19.

哥伦比亚主要航空公司阿维安卡在纽约申请破产保护。它成立于1919年，号称是世界上第二大持续运营的航空公司。该公司老板将破产归咎于新冠肺炎。

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

3 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

4 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

5 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

6 astounded   

v.使震惊(astound的过去式和过去分词)；愕然；愕；惊讶

参考例句：

• His arrogance astounded her. 他的傲慢使她震惊。
• How can you say that? I'm absolutely astounded. 你怎么能说出那种话？我感到大为震惊。

7 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

8 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

9 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

10 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

11 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

12 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

13 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。