2020年经济学人 英国新移民政策排除英国依赖的主要工作者(2)

A paper by researchers at Oxford¹ University, published on May 14th, finds that nearly one in five of those working in essential care-related occupations are immigrants. In all, a little more than half of EU migrants now classed as key workers would not have qualified² for a work visa under the new dispensation. Using a different definition of key worker (the category is blurry), the Institute for Public Policy Research, a think-tank, finds that 71% of such migrants would have been excluded.

牛津大学的研究人员在5月14日发表的一篇论文中发现，在从事与基本护理相关的职业的人中，近五分之一是移民。总之，现在被列为关键工人的欧盟移民中，略超过一半的人在新的制度下没有资格获得工作签证。智库“公共政策研究所”对于关键工人采用了不同的定义，发现这样的移民中有71%被排除在外。

In one sense, the pandemic takes the pressure off. A deep recession should limit the need to import low-paid workers, since there will be a large pool of unemployed³ domestic labour. Yet farms are flying in workers from Romania, suggesting that Britons on their uppers might hesitate before taking back-breaking or low-paid jobs.

从某种意义上来说，疫情减轻了压力。严重的经济衰退应该限制引入低薪工人的需求，因为国内会存在大量的失业劳动力。然而农场却使用飞机将罗马尼亚的工人接进来，这表明手头拮据的英国人对从事艰苦或低薪的工作感到犹豫。

The political argument for a restrictive regime is weakening. Voters were warming to immigration even before they voted to leave the EU and thereby⁴ restrict it. The scandal in 2018 over the government’s shoddy treatment of the Windrush generation of Caribbean migrants illustrated⁵ that, if the public senses injustice⁶, crackdowns can prove as politically perilous⁷ as liberal approaches. A survey in March by Ipsosmori, a pollster, found that the overwhelming majority of voters want the number of migrants coming to Britain to work in care homes to stay the same or rise. Since the pandemic and its associated recession will significantly reduce overall immigration anyway,MsPatel can afford to be a little more generous.

关于严格制度的政治争论正在减弱。选民们甚至在投票退出欧盟从而限制移民之前就开始对移民问题趋之若鹜。政府在2018年对于加勒比海地区移民中的“疾风世代”进行了不公对待，该丑闻说明如果民众觉察到了不公，那么镇压可能会像开明的政策一样在政治上颇具风险。民调机构益普索3月的一项调查发现，绝大多数选民希望来英国养老院工作的移民人数保持不变或上升。因为疫情及其引发的经济衰退会大大减少整体的移民数量，帕特尔女士可以做的更加大方一点。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

3 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

4 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

5 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

6 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

7 perilous   

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
• We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。