2020年经济学人 梵蒂冈财政--一团糟(1)

Small European enclaves have given financial regulators big headaches in the past.

过去，一些欧洲小国曾让金融监管机构头疼不已。

Two of them, San Marino and the Vatican, will be visited by inspectors¹ from Moneyval,

来自Moneyval的检察员将拜访其中两个——圣马力诺和梵蒂冈，

the organisation² set up to fight money-laundering and terrorist funding in Europe, in the final days of September.

该组织在九月末成立，目的是打击欧洲的洗钱和恐怖主义融资。

They will arrive at a delicate moment. Starting next spring, the European Union (EU) plans to pour about 209bn euro ($245bn) into Italy

他们到达的时刻微妙。从明年春季开始，欧盟计划向意大利注资约2090亿欧元（2450亿美元）

in order to help it recover from the covid-19 pandemic.

以帮助其从新冠疫情中恢复过来。

Even allowing for inflation and economic growth, that is more than was invested in the country through the post-war Marshall Plan.

即使考虑到通货膨胀和经济增长，这也超过了战后马歇尔计划对该国的投资。

Much of the EU cash will be directed towards the poorer south of Italy.

欧盟的大部分资金将流向更贫穷的意大利南部地区。

But that is where Italy's mafias can most easily steer⁴ funds and contracts their way.

但这是意大利黑手党最容易操纵资金和合同的地方。

Having two inadequately⁵ regulated mini-states on their doorstep would offer them an easy way to launder³ their gains.

家门口有两个监管不力的小国，这位他们提供一种轻松洗钱的方法。

On a recent visit to Rome Catherine De Bolle, the executive director of Europol,

在近期对罗马的拜访中，欧洲刑警组织的执行主任凯瑟琳·德波勒警告称，

warned that her organisation had detected a rise in organised crime's penetration⁶ of the European economy

她的组织已经发现，组织犯罪对欧洲经济的渗透有所上升

and asked EU states to be particularly vigilant⁷ with regard to the recovery funds.

并且要求欧盟各国特别警惕复苏资金。

As Moneyval made clear in its last report in 2015, San Marino has made significant progress towards installing a robust⁸ anti-money-laundering system.

正如Moneyval在2015年最后一篇报告中明确指出的那样，圣马力诺在建立反洗钱系统方面取得了重大进展。

But the Holy See looks more problematic, despite Pope Francis's avowed⁹ intention of overhauling¹⁰ its tangled¹¹ finances.

但罗马教廷的问题似乎更多，尽管教皇方济各公开表示有意整顿其错综复杂的财政问题。

Two controversies¹² are swirling¹³. The first has to do with the Vatican Bank,

目前有两个争议。第一个和梵蒂冈银行有关，

properly known as the Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR), a lender located within the city state.

该银行正确名称是宗教事务银行（IOR），是一家位于这个城邦国家内的银行。

The second concerns a judicial¹⁴ investigation¹⁵ into dealings by the Roman Curia,

第二个是关于罗马教廷对交易的司法调查，

the central administration of the Catholic church, the effects of which have rippled¹⁶ abroad.

它是天主教会的中央管理机构，其影响已经波及到国外。

Inspectors had hoped that the Vatican Bank was no longer a problem. In a report on the Holy See in 2017,

检察员曾希望梵蒂冈银行不再是个问题。在2017年关于罗马教廷的一份报告中，

Moneyval concluded that its anti-money-laundering procedures were "firmly established".

Moneyval总结到，其反洗钱程序已“牢固确立”。

Yet the IOR is now ensnared in litigation, which ironically arises from the clean-up.

然而，IOR现在陷入了诉讼，具有讽刺意味的是，这是由铲除工作引发的。

In March a Maltese court authorised three companies involved in a dispute with the bank to seize assets worth 29.5m euro—

三月，马耳他一家法院授权与该银行发生纠纷的三家公司扣押价值2950万欧元的资产——

equivalent to more than three-quarters of the IOR's profits in 2019.

相当于2019年IOR利润的四分之三以上。

The two Maltabased investment companies and a Luxembourg-based subsidiary claim that, following a change of management,

两家位于马耳他的投资公司和一家位于卢森堡的子公司宣称，管理层发生变动后，

the IOR reneged on a commitment to invest 33m euro in the purchase and development of the building that once housed the Budapest Stock Exchange.

IOR违背承诺，放弃投资3300万欧元用于购买和开发布达佩斯证券交易所所在的大楼。

(The IOR contends that the deal was altered in a way that prejudiced its interests and claims to have incurred¹⁷ losses and lost profits of up to 25.2m euro.)

（IOR声称，该交易的变更方式损害了其利益，并声称已造成了高达2520万欧元的损失和利润损失。）

1 inspectors   

n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过，通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

3 launder   

v.洗涤；洗黑钱（把来路可疑的钱弄得似乎合法）

参考例句：

• She wore a freshly laundered and starched white shirt.她穿一件刚刚浆洗熨烫过的白色衬衣。
• The gang launders the steal money through their chain of restaurants.这帮匪徒通过他们的连锁饭店洗赃款。

4 steer   

vt.驾驶，为…操舵；引导；vi.驾驶

参考例句：

• If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你来推车，我就来驾车。
• It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想说服这孩子按你的方式行事是徒劳的。

5 inadequately   

ad.不够地；不够好地

参考例句：

• As one kind of building materials, wood is inadequately sturdy. 作为一种建筑材料，木材不够结实。
• Oneself is supported inadequately by the money that he earns. 他挣的钱不够养活自己。

6 penetration   

n.穿透，穿人，渗透

参考例句：

• He is a man of penetration.他是一个富有洞察力的人。
• Our aim is to achieve greater market penetration.我们的目标是进一步打入市场。

7 vigilant   

adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的

参考例句：

• He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
• The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。

8 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

9 avowed   

adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• An aide avowed that the President had known nothing of the deals. 一位助理声明，总统对这些交易一无所知。
• The party's avowed aim was to struggle against capitalist exploitation. 该党公开宣称的宗旨是与资本主义剥削斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 overhauling   

n.大修；拆修；卸修；翻修v.彻底检查( overhaul的现在分词 )；大修；赶上；超越

参考例句：

• I had no chance of overhauling him. 我没有赶上他的可能。 来自辞典例句
• Some sites need little alterations but some need total overhauling. 有些网站需要做出细微修改，而有些网站就需要整体改版。 来自互联网

11 tangled   

adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Your hair's so tangled that I can't comb it. 你的头发太乱了，我梳不动。
• A movement caught his eye in the tangled undergrowth. 乱灌木丛里的晃动引起了他的注意。

12 controversies   

争论

参考例句：

• We offer no comment on these controversies here. 对于这些争议，我们在这里不作任何评论。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• The controversies surrounding population growth are unlikely to subside soon. 围绕着人口增长问题的争论看来不会很快平息。 来自辞典例句

13 swirling   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Snowflakes were swirling in the air. 天空飘洒着雪花。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass. 她微笑着，旋动着杯子里的葡萄酒。 来自辞典例句

14 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

15 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

16 rippled   

使泛起涟漪（ripple的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The lake rippled gently. 湖面轻轻地泛起涟漪。
• The wind rippled the surface of the cornfield. 微风吹过麦田，泛起一片麦浪。

17 incurred   

[医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式

参考例句：

• She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying without his consent 她未经父亲同意就结婚，使父亲震怒。
• We will reimburse any expenses incurred. 我们将付还所有相关费用。