2020年经济学人 一周要闻 全球劳动收入锐减 耐克线上销售增长强劲 美著名大米品牌改名

The income of workers across the world will have fallen by an average 10.7% in the first nine months of this year compared with the same period last year, according to the International Labour Organisation¹. That amounts to $3.5trn. The percentage of working hours lost because of COVID-19 is most acute in Latin America, followed by South Asia. The ILO’s outlook for the last three months of 2020 has “worsened significantly”.

根据国际劳工组织的数据，与去年同期相比，今年前9个月全球劳动者的收入将平均下降10.7%。这相当于3.5万亿美元。拉丁美洲因疫情损失的工作时间百分比最严重，其次是南亚。国际劳工组织对2020年最后3个月的展望“明显恶化”。

Nike reported an 82% jump in online sales for the three months ending August 31st, year on year. Sales at its stores, most of which were open during the quarter, remained tepid² because of social- distancing measures.

耐克公司报告称，截至8月31日的三个月里，其网上销售额同比增长82%。由于社交距离措施，该公司大部分门店在当季还在营业，但其销量依旧不温不火。

The British government scrapped³ the system of franchising⁴ train companies that has underpinned⁵ the rail industry since privatisation in the 1990s. A new mix of performance targets and management fees moves operators towards a contracts-based system. With passenger numbers still well below normal because of COVID-19, the taxpayer⁶ will continue to underwrite the industry’s losses.

自上世纪90年代私有化以来，一直支撑铁路行业的特许经营体制被英国政府废除。业绩目标和管理费用的新组合将运营商推向了以合同为基础的系统。由于新冠疫情导致的乘客数量仍远低于正常水平，纳税人将继续承担该行业的亏损。

In the latest corporate⁷ response to the race protests that have swept America, Mars changed the name of its Uncle Ben’s brand of rice to Ben’s Original and removed the face of an elderly black man from the packaging “to create more equitable⁸ iconography”. The image first appeared in 1946. Mars also struck a partnership⁹ with the National Urban League, a civil-rights group, to support aspiring¹⁰ black chefs through a scholarship fund.

针对席卷美国的种族抗议活动，玛氏公司做出了最新的回应，将其Uncle Ben 's大米品牌的名称改为Ben Original，并将包装上的年长黑人的面孔移除，“以创造更公平的形象”。这张照片首次出现于1946年。玛氏还与民权组织全国城市联盟(National Urban League)建立了合作关系，通过奖学金基金支持有抱负的黑人厨师。

1 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

2 tepid   

adj.微温的，温热的，不太热心的

参考例句：

• She bent her mouth to the tap and drank the tepid water.她把嘴伸到水龙头底下去喝那微温的水。
• Her feet firmly planted on the tepid rough brick of the floor.她一双脚稳固地立在微温而粗糙的砖地上。

3 scrapped   

废弃(scrap的过去式与过去分词)； 打架

参考例句：

• This machine is so old that it will soon have to be scrapped. 这架机器太旧，快报废了。
• It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped. 人们曾认为会放开护照管制。

4 franchising   

v.给…以特许权，出售特许权( franchise的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Franchising has costs as well as benefits for the economy. 对整个经济来说特许经销有利也有弊。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• Franchising, a practice adaptable to small business, has increased greatly in recent years. 近年来适用于小企业的特许经销发展得很快。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

5 underpinned   

v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的过去式和过去分词 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。
• The statue of Diana was underpinned with charred piles. Diana雕像是建造在炭化了的木桩上的。 来自辞典例句

6 taxpayer   

n.纳税人

参考例句：

• The new scheme will run off with a lot of the taxpayer's money.这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。
• The taxpayer are unfavourably disposed towards the recent tax increase.纳税者对最近的增加税收十分反感。

7 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

8 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

9 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

10 aspiring   

adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求

参考例句：

• Aspiring musicians need hours of practice every day. 想当音乐家就要每天练许多小时。
• He came from an aspiring working-class background. 他出身于有抱负的工人阶级家庭。 来自辞典例句