2020年经济学人 恐袭四起,但圣战主义已然走向陨落(1)

Europe

欧洲板块

Terrorism in Europe

欧洲恐怖主义

Oh Vienna

噢，维也纳

Despite the horrors in Austria and France, jihadism has declined

尽管奥地利和法国的恐怖主义事件频发，但圣战主义已然走向陨落。

Teeming¹ with spooks and intrigue², Vienna is no stranger to political violence. “Carlos the Jackal” held OPEC’s oil ministers hostage there in 1975. Since then, assassinations³ in Austria’s capital have claimed the lives of Kurds and Chechens, among others. But until November 2nd Vienna had largely been spared the attacks on civilians⁴ that have menaced cities like London, Madrid or Paris. That night four people were killed and 23 injured, several of them seriously, during a gun and knife rampage in Vienna’s centre. Many were attacked as they took their last chance of a drink or a meal before Austria’s second coronavirus lockdown.

维也纳这座城市充斥着恐怖和阴谋，对政治暴力并不陌生。1975年，“豺狼卡洛斯”在维也纳劫持了石油输出国组织的石油部长。此后，在这个奥地利首都发生的暗杀事件致使库尔德和车臣等国的民众丧生。但在11月2日以前，维也纳并未像是伦敦、马德里或巴黎等危机四伏的城市一样，爆发过针对平民的袭击事件。但11月2日当晚，维也纳市中心发生了一起持枪和持刀抢劫事件，造成4人死亡，23人受伤，其中有几人伤势严重。在奥地利实行第二次冠状病毒封锁之前，许多民众在最后一次外出喝酒或吃饭时遭到袭击。

The Austrian authorities identified Kujtim Fejzulai, a 20-year-old man with dual⁵ Austrian and North Macedonian citizenship⁶, as the sole gunman. Further arrests were made on November 3rd. Mr Fejzulai, who was shot by police, was born and raised in Vienna to Macedonian parents of Albanian extraction. Radicalised as a teenager, in 2019 he was convicted of terrorist offences and given a 22-month prison sentence after authorities thwarted⁷ his plan to join Islamic State (IS) fighters in Syria. But he was released in December under Austria’s lenient⁸ rules for young offenders⁹.

奥地利当局确认，此事件中唯一的持枪歹徒是20岁，并拥有奥地利和北马其顿双重国籍的库伊蒂姆·费祖莱。警方于11月3日对费祖莱进行了进一步逮捕，并将其击毙。费祖莱在维也纳出生长大，他的父母都是阿尔巴尼亚裔的马其顿人。他十几岁时就成为了激进分子。2019年，他犯有恐怖主义罪行而被判入狱22个月。此前，当局曾挫败其前往叙利亚成为伊斯兰国圣战士的计划。但根据奥地利对青少年罪犯实行宽大处理的规定，费祖莱于12月获释。

The attack follows a spate¹⁰ of terrorism in Europe. On October 4th a Syrian asylum¹¹ seeker stabbed two men, killing¹² one, in the German city of Dresden in what may have been a homophobic attack. Twelve days later, on the outskirts¹³ of Paris, a teenage Chechen refugee beheaded Samuel Paty, a teacher who had shown his class controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad from Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine. On October 29th a Tunisian national who had arrived in France that month killed three people at a church in Nice. On the same day, French police shot dead a man claiming allegiance to a far-right anti-immigrant group near Avignon.

在此次袭击事件发生之前，欧洲也爆发了一连串的恐怖主义事件。10月4日，在德国的德累斯顿市，一名叙利亚避难者刺伤了两名男子，造成一人死亡，这可能是一起仇视同性恋的袭击事件。12天后，在巴黎郊区，一名十几岁的车臣难民将塞缪尔·帕蒂斩首。帕蒂是一名教师，他曾在课堂上展示了讽刺杂志《查理周刊》出版的有关先知默罕默德的争议漫画。10月29日，一名当月到达法国的突尼斯国民在尼斯的一座教堂中杀害了三人。同一天，法国警方在阿维尼翁附近击毙了一名声称效忠于极右翼移民组织的男子。

1 teeming   

adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注

参考例句：

• The rain was teeming down. 大雨倾盆而下。
• the teeming streets of the city 熙熙攘攘的城市街道

2 intrigue   

vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋

参考例句：

• Court officials will intrigue against the royal family.法院官员将密谋反对皇室。
• The royal palace was filled with intrigue.皇宫中充满了勾心斗角。

3 assassinations   

n.暗杀( assassination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Most anarchist assassinations were bungled because of haste or spontaneity, in his view. 在他看来，无政府主义者搞的许多刺杀都没成功就是因为匆忙和自发行动。 来自辞典例句
• Assassinations by Israelis of alleged terrorists habitually kill nearby women and children. 在以色列，自称恐怖分子的炸弹自杀者杀害靠近自己的以色列妇女和儿童。 来自互联网

4 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

5 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

6 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

7 thwarted   

阻挠( thwart的过去式和过去分词 )； 使受挫折； 挫败； 横过

参考例句：

• The guards thwarted his attempt to escape from prison. 警卫阻扰了他越狱的企图。
• Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the rain. 我们的野餐计划因雨受挫。

8 lenient   

adj.宽大的，仁慈的

参考例句：

• The judge was lenient with him.法官对他很宽大。
• It's a question of finding the means between too lenient treatment and too severe punishment.问题是要找出处理过宽和处罚过严的折中办法。

9 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

10 spate   

n.泛滥，洪水，突然的一阵

参考例句：

• Police are investigating a spate of burglaries in the area.警察正在调查这一地区发生的大量盗窃案。
• Refugees crossed the border in full spate.难民大量地越过了边境。

11 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

12 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

13 outskirts   

n.郊外，郊区

参考例句：

• Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
• They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。