美国国家公共电台 NPR 印度国庆阅兵当天 农民开拖拉机冲入首都与警方冲突

To India now, where two months of peaceful protests turned violent. Farmers are locked in a standoff with the Indian government over agriculture reforms, and today it came to blows in the streets of the capital, as NPR's Lauren Frayer reports.

现在来关注印度，持续两个月的和平抗议演变成暴力事件。据NPR新闻的劳伦·弗雷尔报道，农民在农业改革问题上与印度政府僵持不下，今天，僵持在首都街头演变为冲突。

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Non-English language spoken).

身份不明者：（用非英语语言讲话）。

LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE¹: It started like every annual Republic Day holiday in India — with a military parade in the capital.

劳伦·弗雷尔连线：一开始，情况和印度每年的共和国日假期一样——首都举行阅兵式。

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

（音乐声）

FRAYER: But everyone knew what was coming. Tens of thousands of farmers on tractors — they've been protesting on the city's outskirts² for months, their anger percolating³. They obtained police permits to enter the city today. They were supposed to wait until after the military parade was over, but some broke through barricades⁴ early and veered⁵ off the agreed-upon route. Locals cheered them on and threw flowers, but then...

弗雷尔：但所有人都知道会发生什么。数万名农民开着拖拉机挺进首都，这些农民已在市郊进行了数个月的抗议，他们的愤怒在不断蔓延。他们今天获得了进入首都的警察许可。他们本应等到阅兵结束后再行动，但有些人很早就冲破路障并偏离了商定路线。当地居民为他们欢呼，并向他们投掷鲜花，但是……

(SOUNDBITE OF TEAR GAS CANISTER FIRING)

（催泪瓦斯发射声）

FRAYER: Police fired tear gas from highway overpasses⁶ and beat farmers with bamboo rods. Farmers stormed the 17th century Red Fort, a tourist attraction and symbol of power in the heart of Delhi. They waved flags from the ramparts, and rallies spread across the country.

弗雷尔：警方从高速公路立交桥上发射催泪瓦斯，并用竹竿殴打农民。农民冲进了建于17世纪的红堡，红堡是德里市中心的旅游胜地和权力象征。农民在城墙上挥舞旗帜，各种集会活动遍及全国各地。

UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: (Chanting in non-English language).

身份不明的人群：（用非英语语言高喊）。

FRAYER: Hundreds gathered on a cricket field in downtown Mumbai, including Megha Mallick.

弗雷尔：数百人聚集在孟买市中心的一个板球场，其中包括麦加·马利克。

MEGHA MALLICK: We came here for farmer support because they are not getting what they want.

麦加·马利克：我们来到这里是为了支持农民，因为他们没有得到他们想要的。

FRAYER: What they want is the repeal⁷ of three farm laws that deregulate produce markets. Farmers fear they'll lose price guarantees, though the government insists they will not. It's a dispute over quite technical pricing rules, but it's become a rallying cry for people who want to honor India's agrarian⁸ roots. Up to two-thirds of Indians still work in agriculture, mostly on small farms. Their profits are already meager⁹, and COVID has plunged¹⁰ India into a recession. Economist¹¹ R. Ramakumar says farmers fear the government is putting big corporations ahead of them.

弗雷尔：农民希望废除三部解除农产品市场管制的农业法。农民担心他们会失去价格保证，尽管政府坚称不会发生这种情况。这是有关技术性定价规则的争论，但对于希望尊重印度农业根基的人们来说，这已经成为一个口号。目前有多达三分之二的印度人仍然从事农业，大多数人在小型农场工作。他们的收益已经非常微薄，而新冠肺炎又让印度陷入衰退之中。经济学家拉马库马尔表示，农民担心政府将大公司的利益置于他们之上。

R RAMAKUMAR: This is a fight for democracy. This is a fight for people, not a set of oligarchs or a set of multinational¹² companies.

拉马库马尔：这是一场争取民主的斗争。是在为人民而战，而不是为了寡头或跨国公司。

FRAYER: Others say Indian agriculture desperately¹³ needs some kind of reform. Seema Bathla is another economist. She supports the government's laws.

弗雷尔：其他人则认为印度农业急需某种改革。希玛·巴特拉也是经济学家。她支持政府出台的法律。

SEEMA BATHLA: These laws will give farmers the choice — or, you can say, the freedom — to farmers to sell wherever they wish to sell.

希玛·巴特拉：这些法律将给予农民选择权，或者可以说是自由，让农民想在哪里出售产品就可以在哪里出售。

FRAYER: The problem, she says, is that the government botched the rollout. It didn't explain these laws well to the people whose lives they affect most, and so farmers' fears have taken over, she says. Last week the government offered a compromise, an 18-month suspension of the laws. But farm unions refused. They want them scrapped¹⁴ forever.

弗雷尔：她表示，问题是政府在推广法律表现得极为糟糕。她说，政府没能向生活受影响最严重的群体解释清楚这些法律，这导致农民的恐惧已经占据了主导地位。上周，政府提出了一项折衷方案，将这些法律暂停实施18个月。但农场工会拒绝了这一方案。他们希望他们永久废除这些法律。

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST AMBIENCE)

（抗议现场录音）

FRAYER: After nightfall, farmers climbed down from the ramparts of the historic Red Fort, but they did not go home. They went back to their protest camps on the outskirts of Delhi, and they're planning another march in less than a week.

弗雷尔：入夜后，农民从历史悠久的红垒的城墙上下来，但他们没有回家。他们回到了德里郊区的抗议营地，并计划在不到一周的时间内举行另一场游行。

Lauren Frayer, NPR News, Mumbai.

NPR新闻，劳伦·弗雷尔孟买报道。

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 outskirts   

n.郊外，郊区

参考例句：

• Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
• They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。

3 percolating   

n.渗透v.滤( percolate的现在分词 )；渗透；（思想等）渗透；渗入

参考例句：

• Bubbles simply supply a short cut for the faster-moving percolating gas. 气泡不过是对快速运动的渗透气体提供了一条捷径。 来自辞典例句
• I' ll percolate some coffee, ie make it by percolating. 我去用过滤法煮些咖啡。 来自辞典例句

4 barricades   

路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up. 警察冲破了示威者筑起的街垒。
• Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 另一些人年轻时就死在监牢里或街垒旁。

5 veered   

v.（尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线( veer的过去式和过去分词 )；（指谈话内容、人的行为或观点）突然改变；（指风） （在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按逆时针方向）逐渐转向；风向顺时针转

参考例句：

• The bus veered onto the wrong side of the road. 公共汽车突然驶入了逆行道。
• The truck veered off the road and crashed into a tree. 卡车突然驶离公路撞上了一棵树。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 overpasses   

n.立交桥，天桥，高架道路( overpass的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Is that why they're constructing so many underpasses, overpasses and highways? 那就是他们建这么多天桥、地下通道和公路的原因吗？ 来自辞典例句
• I also find more overpasses and elevated highways have been built. 我也发现建造了更多人行天桥和高架道路。 来自互联网

7 repeal   

n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消

参考例句：

• He plans to repeal a number of current policies.他计划废除一些当前的政策。
• He has made out a strong case for the repeal of the law.他提出强有力的理由，赞成废除该法令。

8 agrarian   

adj.土地的，农村的，农业的

参考例句：

• People are leaving an agrarian way of life to go to the city.人们正在放弃农业生活方式而转向城市。
• This was a feature of agrarian development in Britain.这是大不列颠土地所有制发展的一个特征。

9 meager   

adj.缺乏的，不足的，瘦的

参考例句：

• He could not support his family on his meager salary.他靠微薄的工资无法养家。
• The two men and the woman grouped about the fire and began their meager meal.两个男人同一个女人围着火，开始吃起少得可怜的午饭。

10 plunged   

v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
• She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

11 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

12 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

13 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。

14 scrapped   

废弃(scrap的过去式与过去分词)； 打架

参考例句：

• This machine is so old that it will soon have to be scrapped. 这架机器太旧，快报废了。
• It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped. 人们曾认为会放开护照管制。