2021年经济学人 一年要闻 英国再次恢复全国封锁

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治版块

Despite the storming of the Capitol building by a mob of supporters of Donald Trump¹, more than 100 Republican congressmen and a handful of senators persisted in their challenge to the certification of Joe Biden’s victory in America’s presidential election. The protesters were egged on by Mr Trump. Rather than condemn² the violence he said they were “very special”. Mr Biden’s win was eventually confirmed by Congress. Earlier, ten former secretaries of defence, including Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, felt it necessary to write an open letter reminding the armed forces of their “solemn obligations” to support the constitution.

尽管特朗普的一群支持者攻占了国会大厦，但100多名共和党议员和少数参议员坚持挑战乔·拜登在美国总统大选中获胜的资格。抗议者受到了特朗普的怂恿。他没有谴责暴力行为，而是说这些行为“非常特殊”。拜登的胜利最终得到了国会的确认。早些时候，包括迪克·切尼和唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德在内的十名前国防部长认为有必要写一封公开信，提醒武装部队支持宪法是他们的“庄严义务”。

Democrats⁴ won both run-off elections in Georgia for Senate seats, giving the party control of the chamber⁵. Raphael Warnock was one of the victors. He is the first black Democrat³ from the South to hold a Senate seat, and only the 11th black senator overall.

民主党赢得了佐治亚州参议院席位的第二轮选举，使该党控制了参议院。拉斐尔·沃诺克是胜利者之一。他是第一位获得参议院席位的南方黑人民主党人，也是第11位黑人参议员。

A judge in Britain refused America’s extradition⁶ request for Julian Assange, finding that the founder⁷ of WikiLeaks is at risk of committing suicide. America’s Justice Department will appeal against the ruling, noting that the court had accepted all the legal points it had raised about Mr Assange’s leaking of classified material. Mexico has offered him political asylum⁸.

英国一名法官拒绝了美国引渡朱利安·阿桑奇的请求，认为这位维基解密的创始人有自杀的危险。美国司法部将对裁决提出上诉，指出法院已经受理了所有关于阿桑奇泄露机密材料的法律论据。墨西哥为他提供了政治庇护。

Britain was once again in lockdown, as cases and deaths from COVID-19 soared. Schools were shut down, a day after Boris Johnson, the prime minister, insisted they were safe. Mr Johnson also cancelled school academic exams this summer, but forgot about the vocational exams taking place this month. The minister in charge left the decision on whether to hold these assessments⁹ in subjects such as health and social care to the institutions themselves, creating more confusion.

随着新冠肺炎病例和死亡人数飙升，英国宣布再次封锁。英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊坚称学校是安全的，仅一天后学校停课。约翰逊还取消了今夏的学校学术考试，但忘记了本月举行的职业性考试。主管部长将是否对健康和社会护理等课题进行评估交由各机构自行决定，这造成了更多的混乱。

There was increasing concern within the European Union that vaccination¹⁰ programmes have got off to a slow start. Although Britain has injected around 1.5% of its population already, Germany has administered merely 317,000 jabs, or 0.4% of its people. France did not break the 1,000 mark until January 4th. The Netherlands did not start vaccinations¹¹ until January 6th. Many blame the European Commission’s centralised procurement¹² system for vaccines¹³, though national delivery systems are plainly also at fault.

在欧洲联盟内部，人们越来越担心疫苗接种计划起步缓慢。尽管英国已经让约1.5%的人口注射了疫苗，但德国只注射了31.7万针，占其人口的0.4%。法国直到1月4日才突破1000人接种疫苗的记录。荷兰直到1月6日才开始接种疫苗。许多人指责欧盟委员会的疫苗集中采购系统，尽管国家配送系统显然也有过错。

With little fuss, Britain and the eu began their post-Brexit trading arrangements.

英国和欧盟毫无争议地开启了脱欧后的贸易安排。

A new National Assembly dominated by the Socialist¹⁴ party loyal to the dictatorial¹⁵ regime of Nicolás Maduro took office in Venezuela. It replaces a legislature controlled by the opposition¹⁶, which lost an election in December that was widely regarded as fraudulent. Juan Guaidó, the speaker of the outgoing assembly, who was recognised by more than 50 democracies as Venezuela’s interim¹⁷ president, held a swearing-in ceremony for a parallel legislature.

一个由忠于尼古拉斯·马杜罗独裁政权的社会党主导的新国民议会在委内瑞拉就职。它取代了由反对派控制的立法机构，后者在12月的一次选举中落败，这次选举被普遍认为存在舞弊。被50多个民主国家承认为委内瑞拉临时总统的议会议长胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaidó)即将离任，他为一个平行立法机构举行了宣誓仪式。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

3 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

4 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

6 extradition   

n.引渡（逃犯）

参考例句：

• The smuggler is in prison tonight,awaiting extradition to Britain.这名走私犯今晚在监狱，等待引渡到英国。
• He began to trouble concerning the extradition laws.他开始费尽心思地去想关于引渡法的问题。

7 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

8 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

9 assessments   

n.评估( assessment的名词复数 )；评价；（应偿付金额的）估定；（为征税对财产所作的）估价

参考例句：

• He was shrewd in his personal assessments. 他总能对人作出精明的评价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Surveys show about two-thirds use such assessments, while half employ personality tests. 调查表明，约有三分之二的公司采用了这种测评；而一半的公司则采用工作人员个人品质测试。 来自百科语句

10 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

11 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 procurement   

n.采购；获得

参考例句：

• He is in charge of the procurement of materials.他负责物资的采购。
• More and more,human food procurement came to have a dominant effect on their evolution.人类获取食物愈来愈显著地影响到人类的进化。

13 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

14 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

15 dictatorial   

adj. 独裁的，专断的

参考例句：

• Her father is very dictatorial.她父亲很专横。
• For years the nation had been under the heel of a dictatorial regime.多年来这个国家一直在独裁政权的铁蹄下。

16 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

17 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。