2021年经济学人 一年要闻 伊朗以"涉嫌污染"为由扣押韩国油轮

Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt restored diplomatic relations with Qatar, a step towards ending a three-and-a-half-year dispute. The four countries imposed an embargo¹ on Qatar over its ties to Iran and Islamists, and the content of its Al Jazeera media network. Saudi Arabia has already reopened its borders with the emirate.

沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国、巴林和埃及恢复了与卡塔尔的外交关系，朝着结束长达三年半的争端迈出了一步。由于卡塔尔与伊朗和伊斯兰主义者的关系，以及其半岛电视台(Al Jazeera)媒体网络的内容，这四个国家对卡塔尔实施了禁运。沙特阿拉伯已经重新开放了与阿联酋的边境。

Iran said it would begin enriching uranium to 20% purity, short of the 90% required to make a nuclear bomb, but in breach² of the deal it signed with world powers in 2015. It also raised tensions by seizing a South Korean tanker³ for “polluting the Persian Gulf”.

伊朗表示将开始将铀浓缩至20%的纯度，低于制造核弹所需的90%纯度，但这违反了2015年与世界大国签署的核协议。该国还以“污染波斯湾”为由扣押了一艘韩国油轮，从而加剧了紧张局势。

Around 100 people were killed by suspected jihadists in attacks on two villages in western Niger. In Mozambique Total, a French energy firm, suspended construction work on Africa’s largest natural-gas project because of attacks by jihadists allied⁴ to Islamic State in the north of the country.

尼日尔西部两个村庄遭遇疑似圣战分子袭击，约100人丧生。在莫桑比克，法国能源公司道达尔(Total)暂停了非洲最大天然气项目的建设工作，原因是与伊斯兰国(Islamic State)结盟的圣战分子在该国北部发动了袭击。

Faustin-Archange Touadéra, the president of the Central African Republic, won a second term in elections marred⁵ by an offensive led by rebel groups who accuse the government of rigging the vote.

中非共和国总统福斯坦·阿尔尚热·图瓦德拉（Faustin-Archange Touadera）在选举中赢得第二个任期，这次选举被指控政府操纵投票的反叛组织发动的攻势所破坏。

Vietnam sentenced three journalists to prison terms of more than ten years each for disseminating⁶ anti-state propaganda. One of them was arrested after calling on the eu to postpone⁷ a trade agreement until Vietnam improved its treatment of journalists.

越南判处三名记者10年以上有期徒刑，罪名是散布反国家宣传。其中一人因呼吁欧盟推迟一项贸易协议，直到越南改善其对记者的待遇而被捕。

Kim Jong Un, North Korea’s dictator, admitted that his regime had completely failed to meet its economic goals in a rare congress of the ruling Workers’ Party. He pledged to do better this year.

朝鲜独裁者金正恩在执政的劳动党举行的一次罕见的代表大会上承认，他的政权完全没有实现其经济目标。他保证今年要做得更好。

Coronavirus briefs

疫情一览

Indonesia, Japan and South Korea were among the Asian countries imposing⁸ new restrictions⁹ in an effort to battle a surge in COVID-19 infections in the region. Vaccinations¹¹ in Japan are not expected to begin until the end of February.

印尼、日本和韩国等亚洲国家实施了新的限制措施，以应对该地区新冠肺炎感染病例激增的问题。日本的疫苗接种预计要到2月底才会开始。

India’s drug regulator approved the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine¹². It also cleared Covaxin, a vaccine developed by an Indian company that is still in the clinical-trial stage.

印度药品监管机构批准了阿斯利康-牛津疫苗。它还批准了一家印度公司开发的疫苗Covaxin，该疫苗目前仍处于临床试验阶段。

A national lockdown in Germany was extended by three weeks, to January 31st. Strict curbs¹³ on travel were imposed in areas with the highest infection rates.

德国的全国封锁令延长了三周，至1月31日。感染率最高的地区实行了严格的旅行限制。

Israel continued to lead the world in vaccination¹⁰ per person, inoculating¹⁴ 16% of its people by January 5th. Russia said it had vaccinated¹⁵ 1m people with the Sputnik V jab. Many Russians are refusing it; Vladimir Putin says he will have the jab, at some point.

以色列在人均疫苗接种方面继续领先全球，截至1月5日，该国16%的人口接种了疫苗。俄罗斯表示，已经为100万人接种了Sputnik V疫苗。许多俄罗斯人拒绝接种；普京表示，他将择机接种疫苗。

1 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

2 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

3 tanker   

n.油轮

参考例句：

• The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油。
• Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.汹涌的巨浪把油轮撞成三载。

4 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

5 marred   

adj. 被损毁, 污损的

参考例句：

• The game was marred by the behaviour of drunken fans. 喝醉了的球迷行为不轨，把比赛给搅了。
• Bad diction marred the effectiveness of his speech. 措词不当影响了他演说的效果。

6 disseminating   

散布，传播( disseminate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Our comrades in propaganda work have the task of disseminating Marxism. 我们作宣传工作的同志有一个宣传马克思主义的任务。
• Disseminating indecent photographs on the internet a distasteful act. 在因特网上发布不雅照片是卑劣的行径。

7 postpone   

v.延期，推迟

参考例句：

• I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.在未获悉详情之前我得从缓作出决定。
• She decided to postpone the converastion for that evening.她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。

8 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

9 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

10 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

11 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

13 curbs   

v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• In executing his functions he is not bound by any legal curbs on his power. 在他履行职务时，他的权力是不受任何法律约束的。 来自辞典例句
• Curbs on air travel were being worked out and would shortly be announced. 限制航空旅行的有关规定正在拟定中，不久即将公布。 来自辞典例句

14 inoculating   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He attempted to investigate bidirectional streaming by inoculating two dishes with R. oryzae. 他试图研究双向流动的问题，他把未根霉接种于两个培养皿。 来自辞典例句
• Doctors examined the recruits but nurses did the inocuLating. 医生们给新兵检查了身体，护士们给他们打了预防针。 来自互联网

15 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？