2021年经济学人 非洲的投资（2）

The problem goes beyond mining. International supermarkets often truck in goods from distribution hubs—in South Africa, for example—rather than sourcing in the places where they operate.

这个问题超出了采矿的范畴。国际超市经常从分销中心(比如南非)用卡车运送货物，而不是在他们所经营的地方采购。

Much of Africa's coffee, cashew and cocoa leaves the continent in packaging made abroad. Garment-makers stitch together imported fabrics² with imported zips and buttons.

非洲大部分的咖啡、腰果和可可都以国外制造的包装离开了非洲大陆。服装厂用进口的拉链和纽扣缝制进口面料。

Governments' attempts to nurture³ linkages⁴ show just how hard they are to create. Some are trying to set up clusters of knowledge in industrial parks.

各国政府为建立这种联系所做出的努力表明了它的困难程度。一些公司正试图在工业园区建立知识集群。

Raghav Pattar, an Indian, came to Hawassa Industrial Park in Ethiopia as the manager of a Chinese apparel factory.

印度人Raghav Pattar来到了埃塞俄比亚的阿瓦萨工业园区担任一家中国服装厂的经理。

From there it was a short step to his current job as chief executive of Nasa Garment, the first Ethiopian-owned company there.

从那时起他就离美国国家航空航天局服装公司首席执行官的职位仅剩一步之遥，这是该公司首家被埃塞俄比亚人所持有的公司。

These kinds of moves help skills and knowhow spread. But most Ethiopian firms "are not coming to the industrial park", says Mr Pattar.

这些举措有助于技能的传播。但是大多数的埃塞俄比亚公司都“不会来工业园”，帕塔先生表示。

They struggle to get the loans and expertise⁵ that foreign firms can acquire abroad.

他们很难获得外国公司可以在海外收购的贷款和专业技术。

In many countries the entrepreneurs who gain most from foreign investment are often those with existing connections, such as those of European or Asian descent.

在许多国家，从外国投资中获益最多的企业家往往是那些有现有关系的人，比如有欧洲或亚洲血统的人。

Governments are also trying to foster links through "local content" rules, which require multinationals⁶ to procure⁷ locally to win licences.

各国政府还试图通过“本地内容”规则来促进联系，这些规则要求跨国公司在当地采购来获得许可证。

The focus needs to be on suppliers that add value, notes Judith Fessehaie of the International Trade Centre, a development agency,

发展机构国际贸易中心的朱迪思·费斯海研究了南部非洲采矿业的此类政策，

who has studied such policies in the southern African mining sectors⁸, so that contracts do not go to importers with nothing more than "a briefcase⁹ and a desk".

他指出，重点应该放在能增值的供应商身上，这样一来，合同就不会落到进口商的手里，他们手里只有“一个公文包和一张桌子”。

But the risk is that tough restrictions¹⁰ put foreign firms off setting up in a country altogether.

但风险在于，严格的限制完全阻碍了外国公司在一个国家的设立。

Some hope that the market might create incentives¹¹ to source locally, as consumers become more interested in the origins of the products they buy.

一些人希望随着消费者对所购买产品的产地越来越感兴趣，市场能够创造出采购动机。

"Our objective is to grow the Ghana ecosystem," says Keren Pybus of Ethical¹² Apparel Africa, a British garment-sourcing company that has invested in a factory in Ghana.

“我们的目标是发展加纳的生态系统，”Ethical Apparel Africa的克伦·皮布斯表示。Ethical Apparel Africa是一家英国服装采购公司，已经在加纳投资了一家工厂。

Ms Pybus imports fabric¹ but wants one day to buy it locally.

皮布斯女士的布料来自进口，但她希望有一天能够在当地购买。

Foreign-owned brewers are switching from imported barley¹³ to homegrown grains, marketing¹⁴ beer-drinking as a patriotic¹⁵ act.

外资酿酒商正从进口大麦转向国产谷物，把喝啤酒当作一种爱国行为来进行推销。

But unless suppliers have the funds, capacity and expertise to take advantage of foreign linkages, such efforts will amount to small beer.

但是，除非供应商有资金、能力和专业知识来利用与外国的联系，否则这些努力将是微不足道的。

1 fabric   

n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织

参考例句：

• The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
• I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

2 fabrics   

织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地

参考例句：

• cotton fabrics and synthetics 棉织物与合成织物
• The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品。

3 nurture   

n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持

参考例句：

• The tree grows well in his nurture.在他的培育下这棵树长得很好。
• The two sisters had received very different nurture.这俩个姊妹接受过极不同的教育。

4 linkages   

n.连接( linkage的名词复数 )；结合；联系；联动装置

参考例句：

• Only the thermosetting resins provide a strong cohesive forces; this is due to molecular cross linkages. 只有热固性树脂具有巨大的凝聚力，这是由于分子交错链所造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The linkages between the stable units must be as near as possible of equal stability. 稳定链节之间的键必须有尽可能接近的稳定性。 来自辞典例句

5 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

6 multinationals   

跨国公司( multinational的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These local companies are only small fry compared with the huge multinationals. 同那些跨国公司比，这些当地的公司不过是小鱼小虾。
• Some people believe that the multinationals have too much power. 有人认为跨国公司的权力太大了。

7 procure   

vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条

参考例句：

• Can you procure some specimens for me?你能替我弄到一些标本吗？
• I'll try my best to procure you that original French novel.我将尽全力给你搞到那本原版法国小说。

8 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 briefcase   

n.手提箱，公事皮包

参考例句：

• He packed a briefcase with what might be required.他把所有可能需要的东西都装进公文包。
• He requested the old man to look after the briefcase.他请求那位老人照看这个公事包。

10 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

11 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

12 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

13 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

14 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

15 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。