2021年经济学人 非洲报章杂志蓬勃发展--多元与独立(1)

Books and Aarts

文学与艺术

Journalism¹ in Africa - Open letters

非洲的报章杂志——公开的信件

Last October young Nigerians took to the streets to protest against police brutality².

去年10月，尼日利亚年轻人走上街头抗议警察的暴行。

At first “none of the traditional media companies were covering it,” recalls Wale Lawal.

起初，“没有一家传统媒体公司对此进行报道，”威尔·劳瓦尔回忆道。

A few years earlier he had started the Republic, a quarterly magazine of ideas and analysis, and now his readers wanted to discuss the movement that was swelling³ around them.

几年前，他创办了《共和》，这是一本有关思想和分析的季刊，现在他的读者们想要讨论他们周围正在发酵的运动。

So he and his team in Lagos ran a series of online pieces on the protests, later collected in a special print edition.

因此，他和他在拉各斯的团队在网上发布了一系列关于抗议活动的文章，后来收录到期刊的一期特别版中。

This kind of in-depth coverage⁴ of under-reported stories was “exactly what we were set up to do”.

深度报道这些未被报道的故事“正是我们要做的”。

Mr Lawal says he hopes the Republic will one day become “a New York Times for Africa”.

拉瓦尔表示，他希望《共和》有朝一日能成为“非洲的纽约时报”。

But in temperament⁵ it is more like the protest movement itself —youthful, tech-savvy and decentralised, its freelance writers touching⁶ on topics as diverse as modern slavery or the sexism of Fela Kuti, a revered⁷ musician.

但在气质上，它更像抗议运动本身——年轻、精通科技、分散，它的自由撰稿人书写各种各样的话题，从现代奴隶制到受人尊敬的音乐家费拉·库提的性别歧视。

The publication is an example of the new intellectual spaces that have opened up in Africa over the past decade, from long-form journalism to literary magazines, in an efflorescence of political commentary, criticism and fiction.

在过去的十年里，在政治评论、批评和小说蓬勃发展的时期，从长篇新闻到文学杂志，这本出版物是非洲开辟新知识空间的一个例子。

African intellectual journals have an illustrious history.

非洲知识期刊有着辉煌的历史。

The independence era of the 1950s and 1960s produced titles such as Présence Africaine and Transition.

在20世纪50、60年代的独立时期，出现了《Présence Africaine》、《Transition》等书刊。

“A good literary magazine is like a blind man’s stick,” wrote Rajat Neogy, the Ugandan founder⁸ of Transition; “it helps you feel the way.”

“一本好的文学杂志就像盲人的手杖，”乌干达的《Transition》创始人拉贾特·尼奥里写道，“它帮助你摸索前进的道路。”

He published work by luminaries⁹ including Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Ngugi wa Thiong’o and James Baldwin.

他出版了钦努阿·阿契贝、渥雷·索因卡、恩古吉和詹姆斯·鲍德温等名人的作品。

But in 1968 he was arrested for sedition¹⁰ after running an article critical of Uganda’s government, a harbinger of the authoritarian¹¹ cloud that would smother¹² free expression in many African countries.

但在1968年，他在发表了一篇批评乌干达政府的文章后，因煽动叛乱而被捕，这预示着独裁的阴云将扼杀许多非洲国家的自由言论。

By 2000 speech was again becoming freer, and the new century saw the birth of publications such as Chimurenga, a literary magazine that took its name from a Shona word for Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle.

到了2000年，言论再次变得更加自由，新世纪见证了像《Chimurenga》这类出版物的诞生，文学杂志《Chimurenga》的名字来源于肖纳语，意思是津巴布韦解放斗争。

But it was on the internet that restraints really fell away.

但在互联网上，限制才真正消失了。

“For many African countries the digital space is the freest,” says John Githongo, a Kenyan anti-corruption campaigner and former writer for The Economist¹³.

“对许多非洲国家来说，数字空间是最自由的，”肯尼亚反腐败活动家、《经济学人》前撰稿人约翰·吉松戈说。

In 2016 he was one of a group of Kenyans who founded the Elephant, an outspoken¹⁴ political website that had 3.2m views in 2020.

2016年，他和一群肯尼亚人一起创建了“大象”，“大象”是一个言论犀利的政治网站，在2020年拥有320万的浏览量。

(Online freedom can be fragile: Uganda’s government blocked the site during last year’s election campaign, after it covered massacres¹⁵ by the security forces, among other sensitive subjects.)

（网络自由有时是脆弱的：乌干达政府在去年竞选期间封禁了该网站，此前该网站报道了安全部队制造的屠杀以及其他敏感话题。）

1 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

2 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

3 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

4 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

5 temperament   

n.气质，性格，性情

参考例句：

• The analysis of what kind of temperament you possess is vital.分析一下你有什么样的气质是十分重要的。
• Success often depends on temperament.成功常常取决于一个人的性格。

6 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

7 revered   

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例，现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句

8 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

9 luminaries   

n.杰出人物，名人（luminary的复数形式）

参考例句：

• In that day there will be no light; the luminaries will dwindle. 亚14:6那日、必没有光．三光必退缩。 来自互联网
• Includes household filament light bulbs & luminaries. 包括家用的白炙灯泡和光源。 来自互联网

10 sedition   

n.煽动叛乱

参考例句：

• Government officials charged him with sedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。
• His denial of sedition was a denial of violence.他对煽动叛乱的否定又是对暴力的否定。

11 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

12 smother   

vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死；n.浓烟；窒息

参考例句：

• They tried to smother the flames with a damp blanket.他们试图用一条湿毯子去灭火。
• We tried to smother our laughter.我们强忍住笑。

13 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

14 outspoken   

adj.直言无讳的，坦率的，坦白无隐的

参考例句：

• He was outspoken in his criticism.他在批评中直言不讳。
• She is an outspoken critic of the school system in this city.她是这座城市里学校制度的坦率的批评者。

15 massacres   

大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 )； 惨败

参考例句：

• The time is past for guns and killings and massacres. 动不动就用枪、动不动就杀、大规模屠杀的时代已经过去了。 来自教父部分
• Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollection. 近来那些不可胜数的屠杀，在他们的头脑中记忆犹新。