美国国家公共电台 NPR--Analysts say hate crimes are increasing but that's not reflected in FBI data

Analysts¹ say hate crimes are increasing but that's not reflected in FBI data

Transcript²

The FBI hate crime data for last year is so flawed and incomplete that experts are warning it could mask the real trend: a continuing and troubling rise in hate incidents and violence.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

People tracking hate crimes say they're increasing in this country. The FBI's most recent statistics could give the idea that they're not. So which impression is right? Here's NPR's Sandhya Dirks.

SANDHYA DIRKS, BYLINE³: Shock and disbelief. That's what Cynthia Miller-Idriss felt when she looked at the FBI's 2021 hate crime numbers. Miller-Idriss knows something about the subject. She's a professor studying violent extremism at American University.

CYNTHIA MILLER-IDRISS: The first thing I noticed is, like, the numbers went down. That's not consistent with everything that we're hearing and seeing.

DIRKS: Data coming out of cities and from advocacy groups have all been showing a continued rise in hate crimes - from antisemitic to anti-Black hate, and anti-LGBTQ to anti-Asian hate - but not in the FBI numbers.

MILLER-IDRISS: And then I see this - almost like a little side note - oh, but it's only 63% of jurisdictions⁴ reporting.

DIRKS: Most of Florida and California didn't report. There is no data from America's three largest cities, Los Angeles, New York and Chicago.

MILLER-IDRISS: Every city I typed in, no data there.

DIRKS: It's not the FBI's fault that these cities failed to share hate crime data. But, Miller-Idriss says, the report shouldn't have been published at all.

MILLER-IDRISS: I think it's unconscionable to release it and to call it national data because it's insulting to victims who don't see their own experiences reflected.

DIRKS: The FBI warned ahead of time that the 2021 hate crime data was going to be flawed. The reason has to do with data collection standards. The bureau changed to a new system. The change didn't just happen overnight. Local law enforcement agencies have had five years of FBI training and over $100 million to prepare. The Southern Poverty Law Center's Michael Lieberman says, the new standards should be a good thing, a more robust⁵ way to measure crime.

MICHAEL LIEBERMAN: And still, 7,000 agencies this year did not report any data to the FBI.

DIRKS: Lieberman says this year compounds a longstanding problem, the underreporting and undercounting of hate crimes. Sometimes it happens because victims don't come forward. Often, communities most likely to be the targets of hate are also the folks who have their reasons not to trust police. And Lieberman says police don't always correctly label or investigate hate crimes.

LIEBERMAN: If you're a city like Miami and you reported zero numerous times in the last decade, you're not giving your community any faith that you are ready and willing and able to respond to hate violence.

DIRKS: Right now, reporting hate crime numbers to the FBI is voluntary. The Southern Poverty Law Center, alongside numerous civil rights groups, are calling for hate crime reporting to be mandatory⁶, credible⁷ and tied to federal funding, because it's about more than just the data.

BRIAN LEVIN: The big story here is that we are not reporting the plight⁸ of victims and their communities.

DIRKS: That's Brian Levin. He runs the Center for Hate and Extremism at Cal State San Bernardino, which collects hate crime data from large police departments. He says, these days, there are more entryways into hate than ever before, and not just online.

LEVIN: Because we don't have the hierarchical yet more limited hate groups that we used to see, like the Klan. Now we have a pick-and-choose buffet⁹.

MANJUSHA KULKARNI: Even in the last few weeks and months, we've seen a normalizing of hate.

DIRKS: That's Manjusha Kulkarni with Stop AAPI Hate.

KULKARNI: Kanye West has freely made antisemitic remarks. Former President Trump¹⁰ continues to use anti-Asian rhetoric¹¹.

DIRKS: Kulkarni says the answer isn't really about police, it's education, teaching kids about other cultures, about history and racism¹² and bigotry¹³ - exactly what's under attack in many Republican-led states right now.

KULKARNI: It's precisely¹⁴ because awareness¹⁵ has been raised, and because news outlets¹⁶ are focusing on anti-Asian hate, antisemitic remarks, anti-Black actions, that these forces are there to silence it.

DIRKS: Kulkarni says accurately¹⁷ reporting hate crimes today is just as important as telling the truth about the history of hate.

Sandhya Dirks, NPR News.

1 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

2 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 jurisdictions   

司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围

参考例句：

• Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
• James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。

5 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

6 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

7 credible   

adj.可信任的，可靠的

参考例句：

• The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
• Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法？

8 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。

9 buffet   

n.自助餐；饮食柜台；餐台

参考例句：

• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding?你想在婚礼中摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
• Could you tell me what specialties you have for the buffet?你能告诉我你们的自助餐有什么特色菜吗？

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

12 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

13 bigotry   

n.偏见，偏执，持偏见的行为[态度]等

参考例句：

• She tried to dissociate herself from the bigotry in her past.她力图使自己摆脱她以前的偏见。
• At least we can proceed in this matter without bigotry.目前这件事咱们至少可以毫无偏见地进行下去。

14 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

15 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

16 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。