TED演讲:同性恋权利运动从公民权利运动中学到了什么(2)

 Let's just look at a few of these strategies.  让我们来看看其中一些策略吧：

First off, it's really interesting to see,  首先，非常有趣地，如果你们回顾下，

to actually visually see, how quick the gay rights movement has made its gains,  漫漫自由路上的一些主要事件，你们会发现，

if you look at a few of the major events on a timeline of both freedom movements.  至少表面上如此同性恋权利运动，是呈何等飞速在增长啊！

Now, there are tons of milestones¹ in the civil rights movement,  民权运动，已知的，就有数以万计的里程碑事件。

but the first one we're going to start with is the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott².  现在，让我们从，1955年蒙哥马利公共汽车抵制事件说起。

This was a protest campaign against Montgomery, Alabama's segregation³ on their public transit⁴ system,  这场运动旨在反对，亚拉巴马州，蒙哥马利市对于公共交通系统的，种族隔离政策。

and it began when a woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person.  它的导火索是，一位叫Rosa Parks的女士，拒绝为一位白人让座。

The campaign lasted a year,  此场运动持续一年，

and it galvanized the civil rights movement like nothing had before it.  它前所未有地，激励了民权运动

And I call this strategy the I'm tired of your foot on my neck strategy.  我称此策略为：我不再匍匐于你跟前。

So gays and lesbians have been in society since societies began,  男同及女同自社会产生起，即与之共生。

but up until the mid-20th century,  但直到20世纪中期之前，

homosexual acts were still illegal in most states.  同性恋行为在大部分的州依然违法。

So just 14 years after the Montgomery bus boycott,  所以，仅在蒙哥马利公交车抵制事件后14年，

a group of LGBT folks took that same strategy.  即1969年，同性恋社区的一伙人，就采取了相同的策略，

It's known as Stonewall, in 1969,  即我们所称的石墙事件。

and it's where a group of LGBT patrons fought back against police beatings at a Greenwich Village bar that sparked three days of rioting.  三天骚乱后，星星之火，终于点燃。在格林尼治酒吧的同性恋顾客，以暴制暴，勇敢反抗警察围捕。

Incidentally, black and latino LGBT folks were at the forefront of this rebellion,  巧合的是，于此役，黑人和拉丁美洲的同性恋者被推向统一战线。

and it's a really interesting example of the intersection⁵ of our struggles against racism⁶, homophobia, gender⁷ identity and police brutality⁸.  这是我们反抗种族主义，同性恋恐惧症，性别歧视，及政策偏袒的鲜明之例。

After Stonewall happened, gay liberation groups sprang up all over the country,  石墙事件后不久，同性恋自由组织如雨后春笋般，在全国涌现。

and the modern gay rights movement as we know it took off.  并最终发展成我们如今知晓的，同性恋权利运动。

So the next moment to look at on the timeline is the 1963 March on Washington.  接着，我们要回顾的，是1963年的向华盛顿进军。

This was a seminal⁹ event in the civil rights movement and it's where African-Americans called for both civil and economic justice. 这是民权运动中，具有里程碑意义的事件，这是非裔美国人呼唤权利与财政公平之始。

And it's of course where Martin Luther King elivered his famous I have a dream speech,  这也是马丁路德金发表著名的《我有一个梦想》之处。

but what's actually less known is that this march was organized by a man named Bayard Rustin.  但鲜为人知的是，这次游行，是由一个叫Bayard Rustin的人组织的。

Bayard was an out gay man, Bayard and he's considered one of the most brilliant strategists of the civil rights movement.  是一名出柜了的同性恋，也被认为是民权运动中，最杰出的决策者之一。

He later in his life became a fierce advocate of LGBT rights as well, and his life is testament¹⁰ to the intersection of the struggles.  他后来，也成为了同性恋权利运动的热情拥护者。他的一生，亦证明了民权运动和同性恋权利运动的交集。

The March on Washington is one of the high points of the movement,  向华盛顿进军是此一运动（民权运动）的巅峰之一，

and it's where there was a fervent¹¹ belief that African-Americans too could be a part of American democracy.  同时，也体现了非裔美国人也是美国民主制度一部分的热切信念。

I call this strategy the We are visible and many in numbers strategy.  我称这个策略为我们聚合众生，将被见证。

Some early gay activists¹² were actually directly inspired by the march,  有些早期的同性恋活动家，实际上直接被这一游行鼓舞。

and some had taken part.  他们中的一些人甚至参加了这一游行。

Gay pioneer Jack¹³ Nichols said,  同性恋权利运动的先驱者道：

We marched with Martin Luther King,  我们同马丁路德金一起游行，

seven of us from the Mattachine Society， 我们中有七个人来自马特辛社区，

which was an early gay rights organization and from that moment on, we had our own dream about a gay rights march of similar proportions.  一个早期同性恋组织-自此，我们梦想同性恋权利运动，如它般卓尔不群。

Several years later, a series of marches took place,  几年后，出现了一系列的游行

each one gaining the momentum¹⁴ of the gay freedom struggle.  每一次都在为同性恋自由的抗争积蓄能量。

The first one was in 1979,  第一次是1979年，

and the second one took place in 1987.  然后第二次是1987年

The third one was held in 1993.  第三次游行发生在1993年。

Almost a million people showed up,  有近百万人参与，

and people were so energized¹⁵ and excited by what had taken place,  人们因所发生的欢欣鼓舞，

they went back to their own communities and started their own political and social organizations,  他们回到各自的社区，组建自己的政治性组织，或社会性组织，

further increasing the visibility of the movement.  以求使这一运动遍及大众视野。

1 milestones   

n.重要事件( milestone的名词复数 )；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑

参考例句：

• Several important milestones in foreign policy have been passed by this Congress and they can be chalked up as major accomplishments. 这次代表大会通过了对外政策中几起划时代的事件，并且它们可作为主要成就记录下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dale: I really envy your milestones over the last few years, Don. 我真的很羡慕你在过去几年中所建立的丰功伟绩。 来自互联网

2 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

3 segregation   

n.隔离，种族隔离

参考例句：

• Many school boards found segregation a hot potato in the early 1960s.在60年代初，许多学校部门都觉得按水平分班是一个棘手的问题。
• They were tired to death of segregation and of being kicked around.他们十分厌恶种族隔离和总是被人踢来踢去。

4 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

5 intersection   

n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集

参考例句：

• There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口处有停车标志。
• Bridges are used to avoid the intersection of a railway and a highway.桥用来避免铁路和公路直接交叉。

6 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

7 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

8 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

9 seminal   

adj.影响深远的；种子的

参考例句：

• The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。
• The emperor's importance as a seminal figure of history won't be diminished.做为一个开创性历史人物的重要性是不会减弱的。

10 testament   

n.遗嘱；证明

参考例句：

• This is his last will and testament.这是他的遗愿和遗嘱。
• It is a testament to the power of political mythology.这说明，编造政治神话可以产生多大的威力。

11 fervent   

adj.热的，热烈的，热情的

参考例句：

• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
• Austria was among the most fervent supporters of adolf hitler.奥地利是阿道夫希特勒最狂热的支持者之一。

12 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

14 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

15 energized   

v.给予…精力，能量( energize的过去式和过去分词 )；使通电

参考例句：

• We are energized by love if we put our energy into loving. 如果我们付出能量去表现爱意，爱就会使我们充满活力。 来自辞典例句
• I am completely energized and feeling terrific. 我充满了活力，感觉非常好。 来自辞典例句