美国有线新闻 CNN FDA拟在三期临床结束前紧急授权新冠疫苗使用

Today's show starts with a look at some possibilities and some controversy¹ concerning a coronavirus vaccine². Since COVID-19 started spreading outside China early this year, more than 25 million cases have been diagnosed worldwide and they're been about 6 million cases diagnosed in the United States. That's one of the countries racing³ to develop a vaccine for the disease. And the leader of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration who's approval is needed to put a vaccine on the market recently said the FDA could give that approval before Phase III trials are over.

今天先来关注涉及冠状病毒疫苗的可能性和争议。自从今年年初新冠肺炎开始在中国境外传播以来，全球已有超过2500万例确诊病例，其中约600万例在美国。美国是众多竞相研发新冠肺炎疫苗的国家之一。在美国，疫苗上市需要得到美国食品药品监督管理局（简称FDA）局长的批准，而该局长近日表示，美国食品药品监督管理局可能在第三阶段实验完成前批准疫苗。

During testing, Phase III is when a vaccine is given to thousands of people to see how safe and effective it is. Before then, it's only tested on smaller more limited groups. Not waiting for Phase III to be complete could allow a vaccine to be available sooner.

在实验期间，第三阶段指为数千人接种疫苗，以观察疫苗的安全和有效性。在此之前，疫苗只在较小范围和有限群体中进行测试。不等到第三阶段实验完成可以使疫苗更早投入使用。

Normally, experts say a vaccine could take 10 years or more to develop. Even the ones that are quickly turned around take more than three years.

专家表示，通常情况下疫苗研发可能需要十年或更长时间。最快也需要三年以上的时间。

Nations around the world are trying to get one approved in less than one year. That's part of the reasons while some consumers and doctors are concerned. In fact, a group of American doctors is calling for an independent commission to review a coronavirus vaccine before it's made available. They say they trust American testing and ethical⁴ guidelines but they think consumers might not trust the approval from an FDA committee because some of its members also work for government agencies and pharmaceutical⁵ companies. Some of those companies are involved in developing and distributing vaccines⁶. So this group of doctors believes an independent review of data will help reassure⁷ Americans of a vaccine's safety. Many people are skeptical⁸ of vaccines in general. And in a CNN poll conducted in August, 40 percent of Americans said they wouldn't want a coronavirus vaccine when it comes available.

世界名国都在努力让疫苗在一年内得到批准。这正是一些消费者和医生感到担心的部分原因。事实上，一个美国医生小组正呼吁成立一个独立委员会，在冠状病毒疫苗上市前对其进行审查。他们表示，他们相信美国的实验和道德规范，但他们认为消费者可能不相信FDA委员会的批准，因为委员会部分委员也为政府机构和制药公司工作。其中一些公司参与了疫苗的研发和分销。因此，这个医生小组认为，对数据进行独立审查将有助于让美国人相信疫苗的安全性。大体上来说，许多人对疫苗持怀疑态度。CNN在8月进行的一项民调显示，40%的美国人表示冠状病毒疫苗上市后他们不会接种。

1 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 racing   

n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的

参考例句：

• I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
• The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。

4 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

5 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

6 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

7 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

8 skeptical   

adj.怀疑的，多疑的

参考例句：

• Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
• Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。