5-7 母亲节的来历

The History of Mother's Day

　　

The earliest Mother's Day celebrations are traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea¹, the Mother of the Gods.

 

　　During the 1600's, England celebrated¹ a day called "Mothering Sunday²," celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent³. "Mothering Sunday" honored the mothers of England. During this time many of the England's poor worked as servants for the wealthy. As most jobs were located far from their homes, the servants would live at the houses of their employers. On Mothering Sunday the servants would have the day off and were encouraged to return home and spend the day with their mothers. A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive² touch⁴.

 

　　As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor the "Mother Church⁵" -- the spiritual power that gave them life and protected them from harm. Over time the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday celebration. People began honoring their mothers as well as the church.

　　In the United States Mother's Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward³ Howe⁶ as a day dedicated⁴ to peace.

 

　　In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day. Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, the 2nd Sunday of May. By the next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia.

 

　　Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day. It was successful, by 1911 Mother's Day was celebrated in almost every state. President Woodrow Wilson⁷, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother's Day a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.

 

While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.

 

注释:

1.Rhea [rIE] n.  [希神] 瑞亚（多产女神，Zeus，Poseidon，Hera，Hades，Demeter，Hestia诸神之母，因而被称为众神之母[Mother of the Gods]）

2.Mothering Sunday 拜望双亲日（按英国农俗指四旬斋的第四个星期日）

3.Lent [lent] n.  [宗] 大斋节（指复活节前为期40天的斋戒及忏悔，以纪念耶稣在荒野禁食），大斋节的第一个星期日

4.touch [tQtF] n. 特色，格调，感受

5.mother church 母教（指产生各教派的原始宗教或某人最初受熏陶的宗教）

6.Julia Ward Howe 豪（1819～1910，美国女作家，女权与废奴主义者，以歌词《共和国战歌》而闻名，还写有游记、传记、 剧本等）

7.(Thomas) Woodrow Wilson 威尔逊（1856～1924，美国第28任总统[1913～1921]，民主党人，领导美国参加第一次世界大战[1917]，倡议建立国际联盟并提出“十四点”和平纲领[1918]，获1919年诺贝尔和平奖）

 

母亲节的来历

　 

    最早的母亲节要追溯到古希腊为纪念众神之母瑞亚而举行的春季庆典。

　　在17世纪，英国庆祝一个叫“省亲日”的节日，庆典在四旬斋的第四个星期日举行。“省亲日”是英国人为表示对母亲的尊敬而设立的。当时，许多英国穷人都给富人当奴仆。由于多数工作地都离家很远，所以仆人们总是住在他们的雇主家里。在省亲日这天，仆人们常放假一天，可以回家和母亲团聚。为增加节日的气氛，他们常捎带一种特制的蛋糕，叫省亲蛋糕。

　　当基督教传遍欧洲的时候，庆祝活动演变成了颂扬“母教”——给予他们生命和保护他们免遭伤害的精神力量。渐渐地，宗教节日和省亲日的庆祝活动相互交融，人们开始既敬重母亲，又颂扬教会。

　　在美国，母亲节是1872年朱莉亚•沃德•豪作为和平日首次提出的。

　　1907年，来自费城的阿纳•贾维斯为确立一个全国性的母亲节开始了一项运动。贾维斯女士说服西弗吉尼亚州格拉夫顿她母亲的教会在她母亲逝世两周年纪念日——5月的第二个星期日，庆祝母亲节。到第二年，费城也开始庆祝母亲节。

　　贾维斯女士和她的支持者开始给牧师、商人、政治家写信，力求确立一个全国性的母亲节。这件事成功了。到1911年，几乎所有州都庆祝母亲节。1914年，伍德罗•威尔逊总统发表官方通告，宣布母亲节为一个全国性的节日，在每年5月的第二个星期日庆祝。

　　虽然世界上很多国家一年中在不同时间庆祝他们自己的母亲节，但诸如丹麦、芬兰、意大利、土耳其、澳大利亚和比利时等国家也是在5月的第二个星期日庆祝母亲节。

 

1 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

2 festive   

adj.欢宴的，节日的

参考例句：

• It was Christmas and everyone was in festive mood.当时是圣诞节，每个人都沉浸在节日的欢乐中。
• We all wore festive costumes to the ball.我们都穿着节日的盛装前去参加舞会。

3 ward   

n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开

参考例句：

• The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
• During the evening picnic,I'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时，我要点根火把，抵挡蚊虫。

4 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。