经济学人50:美貌与职场 漂亮有罪吗?

 　　Business

　　商业

　　Physical attractiveness and careers

　　美貌与职场

　　Don't hate me because I'm beautiful

　　漂亮有罪吗？

　　Attractive women should not include a photo with a job application

　　长得漂亮的女性不应该在投递简历时附上照片

　　AT WORK, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks.

　　就跟在日常生活中一样，在工作中，漂亮的女性总会得到很多眷顾。

　　Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues.

　　有研究表明，比起长相平平的同事，这些美女晋升的机会更大。

　　Because people tend to project positive traits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise¹, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews.

　　由于人们倾向于把她们跟一些积极向上的性格特征对号入座，比如说反应敏捷和处变不惊。美女也可能在求职面试中占有优势。

　　The only downside to hotness is having to fend² off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think.

　　唯一不利的是，她们得避开那些心术不正的异性骚扰；很多人大概都会有这种想法。

　　But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise.

　　然而，两名以色列人的研究却显示了迥然不同的结果。

　　Bradley Ruffle³ at Ben-Gurion University and Ze'ev Shtudiner at Ariel University Centre looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their curricula vitae, as is the norm in much of Europe and Asia.

　　在很多欧洲和亚洲国家，求职者都会在简历中附上照片。来自班古里昂大学（Ben-Gurion University）的Bradley Ruffle和来自Ariel 大学中心的Ze'ev Shtudiner对附上照片后的情况进行了调查。

　　The pair sent fictional⁴ applications to over 2,500 real-life vacancies⁵.

　　两人针对现实中2500多个空缺职位投出了虚构的简历。

　　For each job, they sent two very similar résumés, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously⁶ been graded for their attractiveness.

　　他们给每个职位都投了两份非常相似的简历，一份有照片，一份没有。他们提前根据相片的美貌程度划分了等级。

　　For men, the results were as expected.

　　在男性方面，调查结果在意料之中。

　　Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo.

　　帅气的男士如果在简历上附上照片，通常会得到面试通知。

　　Ugly men were better off not including one.

　　所以，长得抱歉的男性投简历时还是不要附上照片为好。

　　However, for women this was reversed.

　　然而，女性的情况则恰恰相反。

　　Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot.

　　在简历中附有照片的美女通常不那么轻易得到面试通知。

　　When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average before getting an interview; an equally qualified⁷ plain one just seven.

　　在直接向公司提交工作申请（即不通过中介）时，美女平均要投出11份简历才能得到一次面试机会；而相貌一般的女性平均只需投出七份即可。

　　At first, Mr Ruffle considered what he calls the "dumb-blonde hypothesis"-that people assume beautiful women to be stupid.

　　一开始，Ruffle认为这是因为他称之为"漂亮的女人没大脑"的这一假说，即人们通常会认为长得漂亮的女性会比较笨。

　　However, the photos had also been rated on how intelligent people thought each subject looked; there was no correlation⁸ between perceived intellect and pulchritude⁹.

　　两人同时也对照片上看起来的聪明程度做了评级，但结果显示看上去聪不聪明和貌美程度并没有联系。。

　　So the cause of the discrimination must lie elsewhere.

　　所以，引起这种区别对待必有其它原因。

　　Human resources departments tend to be staffed mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female.

　　在人事部工作的多数是女性，而在这次调查中，负责筛选简历并确定面试名单的确实有93%都是女性。

　　The researchers' unavoidable-and unpalatable-conclusion is that old-fashioned jealousy¹⁰ led the women to discriminate¹¹ against pretty candidates.

　　所以调查者最终不免要得出的一个令人不快的结论——正是亘古不变的妒忌心使得漂亮的求职者受歧视。

　　So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy¹²?

　　那么，美女就应该附上一张看起来邋遢的照片在简历上吗？

　　No. Better, says Mr Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether.

　　不，Ruffle说，最好是不要附上照片。

　　Companies might even consider the anonymous¹³ model used in the Belgian public sector¹⁴, where CVs do not even include the candidate's name.

　　公司甚至会考虑采用比利时公共部门招聘时运用的匿名模式,在这种模式下，连求职者的姓名（更别说照片了）都不予显示。

1 poise   

vt./vi. 平衡，保持平衡；n.泰然自若，自信

参考例句：

• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。
• Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.芭蕾课对培养优雅的姿仪非常重要。

2 fend   

v.照料（自己），（自己）谋生，挡开，避开

参考例句：

• I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
• He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。

3 ruffle   

v.弄皱，弄乱；激怒，扰乱；n.褶裥饰边

参考例句：

• Don't ruffle my hair.I've just combed it.别把我的头发弄乱了。我刚刚梳好了的。
• You shouldn't ruffle so easily.你不该那么容易发脾气。

4 fictional   

adj.小说的，虚构的

参考例句：

• The names of the shops are entirely fictional.那些商店的名字完全是虚构的。
• The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius.这两位作者代表了天才小说家两个极端。

5 vacancies   

n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 )；空虚；空白；空缺

参考例句：

• job vacancies 职位空缺
• The sign outside the motel said \"No Vacancies\". 汽车旅馆外的招牌显示“客满”。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

7 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

8 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

9 pulchritude   

n.美丽

参考例句：

• Her dress shows her pulchritude to advantage.她的裙子衬托出了她的美丽。
• She was a pulchritude in her day.她年轻时是个美人。

10 jealousy   

n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌

参考例句：

• Some women have a disposition to jealousy.有些女人生性爱妒忌。
• I can't support your jealousy any longer.我再也无法忍受你的嫉妒了。

11 discriminate   

v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待

参考例句：

• You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。
• They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。

12 dowdy   

adj.不整洁的；过旧的

参考例句：

• She was in a dowdy blue frock.她穿了件不大洁净的蓝上衣。
• She looked very plain and dowdy.她长得非常普通，衣也过时。

13 anonymous   

adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的

参考例句：

• Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
• The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

14 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。