经济学人273:在利比亚做生意 后卡扎菲时代的停滞

　　Business
商业报道
Business in Libya
在利比亚做生意
A post-Qaddafi pause
后卡扎菲时代的停滞
Despite the opportunities, most foreign investors¹ are so far staying away
尽管满地的机会，但外国资本还是敬而远之
A DRIVE down Gargaresh Street in central Tripoli suggests that foreign investors are having a ball in post-revolution Libya.
外国投资者要想在革命后的利比亚找乐子，就开车到的黎波里市中心的加加莱西大街。
Debenhams, a British department-store chain, opened last month.
上个月，英国连锁百货商场德本汉姆上个月就在那儿开了家分店。
Young Libyans flock to Cinnabon, an American purveyor² of sticky buns that arrived last year.
利比亚的年轻人则结伴到去年入住的黎波里的美国黏包店Cinnabon去消费。
BurgerFuel, a New Zealand chain, plans to launch.
新西兰连锁店BurgerFuel也有落户此地的打算。
Business is booming, boasts Husni Bey, a local industrialist³ whose company runs the franchises⁴ for several Western chains.
胡斯尼·贝不无夸耀道：商业要兴盛起来了。胡斯尼是当地一位实业家，他的公司拥有好几家西方连锁店的特许经营权。
Franchising⁵ is a relatively⁶ low-risk way of getting into this growing market of 6m people.
给当地企业以特许经营权，以这种方式进入这个有600万人口的新兴市场风险相对较低。
But few foreign firms have yet been brave enough to set up their own operations.
但是很少有外国公司有勇气跑到利比亚去设置自己的办事机构。
2_副本.jpgInvestors who two years ago lauded⁷ Libya as a new frontier after 42 years of rule by Libya's eccentric dictator, Muammar Qaddafi, now speak in sombre tones.
两年前，利比亚在结束了那位特立独行的独裁者穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲42年的统治之后被投资者视为新兴投资领域，而如今投资者的口风却又变了。
Trade delegations⁸ have stopped arriving so frequently.
贸易代表团不再像之前那么来得频繁。
Many firms are fed up with drinking tea and being nice but getting no further, says Alex Warren, the editor of Libya Report, a business website.
商业网站利比亚报告的编辑阿莱士·沃伦说：除了感受到利比亚人的友好客气，其他什么都得不到，很多公司对此早已厌倦。
Libya remains⁹ tempting¹⁰.
不过利比亚依然很诱人。
The oil-rich country is virgin¹¹ territory.
这个生产石油的国家尚还是块处女地。
Recent rises in state salaries have made Libyans, already well-off for this part of the world, keen to spend.
而最近利比亚全国涨工资，这让利比亚人已然迈入小康社会，他们很乐意消费。
So is the government, since the country's infrastructure¹² is so poor.
加上利比亚基础设施落后，利比亚政府也乐意敞开钱袋。
Before the war it signed deals to build roads, railways, houses, hospitals and schools.
早在内战前，利比亚就签了修公路、铁路，建房子、医院、学校的合同。
Now that international sanctions have been lifted, investment should be pouring in.
如今，国际制裁已经取消，境外投资自当涌入。
One problem is insecurity.
但安全依然是个问题。
Benghazi, the country's second-biggest city, is still a no-go area for Americans, Britons and the French.
利比亚第二大城市班加西到现在还是美英法三国人的禁区。
But rampant¹³ militias¹⁴ are not the main deterrent¹⁵, says Kevin Virgil of Pathfinder Capital:
不过在探路者资本公司的凯文·维吉尔看来，猖狂的民兵并不是主要障碍，探路者资本是一家总部位于伦敦的投资公司，
his London-based investment firm also works in Iraq, which is getting much investment despite being at least as dangerous.
这家公司在伊拉克也有业务，尽管伊拉克同样也很危险，但探路者在那儿的投资正在不断加大。
The bigger worry is red tape.
更大的问题来源于利比亚的官僚主义。
Muddled¹⁶ property rights make it difficult to buy land or provide collateral¹⁷ for loans.
繁杂的产权让买地和为贷款提供抵押物都变得困难重重。
A well-meaning attempt to stamp out corruption¹⁸ has slowed down enterprise.
而本来好心的反腐举措也拖累了经济大局。
In the World Economic Forum's competitiveness rankings Libya is 108th out of 148 countries.
在世界经济论坛的竞争力排名中，利比亚在148个国家中仅列108位。
The new authorities took a step backwards¹⁹ last year by enacting²⁰ a law capping foreign ownership in smaller joint²¹ ventures at 49%, down from 65%, while increasing the minimum investment to 1m dinars.
去年利比亚新政府立法要求在较小规模的合资企业里境外股份只能占49%，而之前的比例是65%，同时还增加最低投资要求，达到100万第纳尔；
Those seeking 100% ownership must put up at least 5m dinars of capital.
对于寻求100%控股的外资企业投资金额必须达到500万第纳尔，这无疑是在开倒车。
An odd rule requires the foreign partner firms to be at least ten years old.
还有个奇怪的规定要求在利投资的境外合伙企业需成立10年以上。
These restrictions²² suit a new oligarchy²³, incorporating many who were cosy²⁴ with the old regime, which has access to capital unavailable to local investors and to connections that foreigners lack.
这些限制对于那些与旧政权息息相关的寡头政治是有利的，而这种寡头政治一头连着资本匮乏的国内投资者，一头连着打不进利比亚市场的外国人。
This year International Hospitals Group, a British health-care provider, signed a deal, said by local media to be worth 2 billion dinars, to build nine clinics.
据当地媒体报道，今年英国医疗供应商国际医院集团和利比亚政府签署了一项建造总值达20亿第纳尔的9所诊所的协议，
But the government is scared to sign many such contracts because its mandate²⁵ is temporary—a new constitution and elections are due next year.
但利比亚政府却不敢签这个单子，因为此政府只是个临时政府，而新宪法和选举要到明年才出来。
Cranes stand idle over half-finished buildings. Most contracts negotiated under the old regime are yet to restart.
起重机被闲置在半拉子工地上，大多数的合同都是跟前政权签署的，都还未重启。
Militias are blockading oil ports, including the two most important, Sidra and Ras Lanuf.
民兵封锁了包括锡德拉和拉斯拉努夫这两个最重要的口岸在内的石油港口。
That has disrupted oil exports, which were almost back to pre-war levels—the most positive sign of economic recovery.
这损害了利比亚的石油出口，致使这一行业几乎回到战前水平，而要知道这个行业是经济复苏最重要的标记。
A few foreign firms are being brave, especially ones from Turkey, South Korea and China.
少数外国公司则显得勇而无畏，特别是土耳其、韩国和中国的企业。
Turkey's TAV Construction has restarted work on expanding Tripoli's airport.
土耳其的TAV建设公司已经重启的黎波里机场的扩建工程；
A Marriott hotel in the capital, part-owned by Daewoo of South Korea, is being reopened.
韩国大宇集团拥有部分股权的的黎波里万豪酒店也重新开张；
Chinese companies are building railways and housing.
中国的公司则在修路盖房。
Last year Turkish exports to Libya almost tripled in value to $2.1 billion.
去年土耳其对利比亚的出口几乎翻了三倍，达到21亿美元。
Turkish Airlines has started new routes to the thriving third city, Misrata, and Sebha.
土耳其航空也开辟了到利比亚第三大城市米苏拉塔和塞卜哈的新航线。
Mr Virgil remains hopeful. His company plans to invest in the next 12 months.
维吉尔依然满怀希望，他的公司计划在未来一年内作出投资。
Banking²⁶ is just one sector²⁷ that needs reform and does not involve dealing²⁸ directly with the government.
银行业是利比亚仅有的需要改革但不需和政府打交道的领域。
For those willing to go on the ground and take a punt, says Mr Virgil, there are profits to be had.
维吉尔说：对于那些想捞一把的人来说，利比亚油光可鉴。
1.stay away 离开，缺席；躲开
And I remembered bert jeffries's letter telling me to stay away.
我记得伯特.杰弗里斯的来信告诫我远离战场。
Signs of sickness: a warning posted at a hong kong hospital on april 27 warns people to stay away.
疾病警告牌：4月27日一家香港医院悬挂了一个警示牌警告人们离开。
2.plan to 打算,计划
Many plan to stomach more risk.
许多人计划承担更多的风险。
Other countries plan to buy or build more.
其他国家也打算购买或建造更多的潜艇。
3.set up 建立；准备； 安排
Saudi arabia has set up an anti-corruption agency.
沙特已经建立了一个反腐机构。
The students also set up debating teams.
学生们还成立了辩论队。
4.fed up with 受够了
As important, voters are increasingly fed up with graft²⁹.
同样重要的是，选民日益厌倦了腐败。
I am fed up with your temper.
我讨厌你的坏脾气。

1 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

2 purveyor   

n.承办商，伙食承办商

参考例句：

• Silence, purveyor of gossip, do not spread that report. 快别那样说，新闻记者阁下，别散布那个消息。 来自互联网
• Teaching purpose: To comprehensively understand the role function and consciousness composition of a news purveyor. 教学目的：全面深入的理解新闻传播者的角色功能和意识构成。 来自互联网

3 industrialist   

n.工业家，实业家

参考例句：

• The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
• Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家，可他对生活感到不满意。

4 franchises   

n.（尤指选举议员的）选举权( franchise的名词复数 )；参政权；获特许权的商业机构（或服务）；（公司授予的）特许经销权v.给…以特许权，出售特许权( franchise的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder. 电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ford dealerships operated as independent franchises. 福特汽车公司的代销商都是独立的联营商。 来自辞典例句

5 franchising   

v.给…以特许权，出售特许权( franchise的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Franchising has costs as well as benefits for the economy. 对整个经济来说特许经销有利也有弊。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• Franchising, a practice adaptable to small business, has increased greatly in recent years. 近年来适用于小企业的特许经销发展得很快。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

6 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

7 lauded   

v.称赞，赞美( laud的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They lauded the former president as a hero. 他们颂扬前总统为英雄。 来自辞典例句
• The nervy feats of the mountaineers were lauded. 登山者有勇气的壮举受到赞美。 来自辞典例句

8 delegations   

n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派

参考例句：

• In the past 15 years, China has sent 280 women delegations abroad. 十五年来，中国共派280批妇女代表团出访。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The Sun Ray decision follows the federal pattern of tolerating broad delegations but insisting on safeguards. “阳光”案的判决仿效联邦容许广泛授权的做法，但又坚持保护措施。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

9 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

10 tempting   

a.诱人的, 吸引人的

参考例句：

• It is tempting to idealize the past. 人都爱把过去的日子说得那么美好。
• It was a tempting offer. 这是个诱人的提议。

11 virgin   

n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗？
• There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。

12 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

13 rampant   

adj.(植物)蔓生的；狂暴的，无约束的

参考例句：

• Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
• You cannot allow children to rampant through the museum.你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。

14 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

15 deterrent   

n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的

参考例句：

• Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
• I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网，免得鸟歇上去。

16 muddled   

adj.混乱的；糊涂的；头脑昏昏然的v.弄乱，弄糟( muddle的过去式)；使糊涂；对付，混日子

参考例句：

• He gets muddled when the teacher starts shouting. 老师一喊叫他就心烦意乱。
• I got muddled up and took the wrong turning. 我稀里糊涂地拐错了弯。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

18 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

19 backwards   

adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地

参考例句：

• He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
• All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。

20 enacting   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Generally these statutes apply only to wastes from reactors outside the enacting state. 总之，这些法令只适宜用在对付那些来自外州的核废料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• In addition, the complexion of enacting standards for live working is described. 另外，介绍了带电作业标准的制订情况。

21 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

22 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

23 oligarchy   

n.寡头政治

参考例句：

• The only secure basis for oligarchy is collectivism.寡头政体的唯一可靠基础是集体主义。
• Insecure and fearful of its own people,the oligarchy preserves itself through tyranny.由于担心和害怕自己的人民，统治集团只能靠实行暴政来维护其统治。

24 cosy   

adj.温暖而舒适的，安逸的

参考例句：

• We spent a cosy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。
• It was so warm and cosy in bed that Simon didn't want to get out.床上温暖而又舒适，西蒙简直不想下床了。

25 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

26 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

27 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

28 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

29 graft   

n.移植，嫁接，艰苦工作，贪污；v.移植，嫁接

参考例句：

• I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
• The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。