经济学人:网络监管 自行其道(上)

 　　Bussiness 商业

　　Online Regulation: Going its Own Way 网络监管：自行其道

　　China's new Cyber-security law overreaches. 中国新的网络安全法规有些管的太宽。

　　“If you want to stay in China, you have to go all in.”  “要想留在中国市场，必须全力以赴！”

　　So says James Fitzsimmons of Control Risks, a consultancy, of the impact China's new cyber-security law will have on multinational¹ companies (MNCs). 以上是化险咨询公司的顾问詹姆斯·菲茨西蒙斯总结的关于中国网络安全法对跨国公司的影响。

　　These firms have moaned for months about the law's intrusive² and vague provisions and asked for a delay in its implementation³, but to no avail. 跨国公司因为其中笼统且极具干扰性的条例哀叹数月，纷纷要求推迟实施网络安全法，然却未果。

　　It came into force on June 1st, and foreign firms are now scrambling⁴ to figure out its implications. 网络安全法于6月1号正式生效，现在外企正急于弄清其影响。

　　Mr Fitzsimmons, for one, is convinced that they must take the costly⁵ step of separating their local IT systems from their global networks. 其中，詹姆斯·菲茨西蒙斯确信这些外企定将重金解除其当地信息系统与其全球网络的关联。

　　At first blush, the law seems a reasonable effort at tackling two areas of policy in need of reform. 乍一看来，安全法似乎合理解决了政策中的两方面需要改革的问题。

　　The first is cyber-security. 一方面是网络安全问题。

　　Companies in industries deemed to be critical must now ensure that their technology systems are “secure and controllable.” 向来至关重要的工业企业，现在必须确保其技术体系“安全、可控”。

　　They must store important data locally, and will be subject to audits⁶ by official inspectors⁷. 他们必须将重要数据存储于境内，接受政府检查员审查。

　　Susan Ning of King & Wood Mallesons, a Chinese law firm, thinks that foreign firms should be familiar with such rules since, on her firm's analysis,  来自中国金杜律师事务所的苏珊·宁认为，就其公司所做分析看来，外企应早已深谙此类律法,

　　European regulations on cyber-security are tighter than those found in the new law. 因为欧洲比中国在网络安全法方面要求更为严苛。

　　The other neglected area taken on by this law is data privacy. 安全法承担的另一个被忽视的领域则是数据隐私问题。

　　Firms in China have long amassed⁸ and manipulated consumer data as they have pleased. 长期以来，在华企业十分满意于可以大量收集使用顾客信息。

　　And as Ronald Cheng of O'Melveny, an American law firm, observes, online fraud, malware and mobile-phone scams are rife⁹. 美国美迈斯律师事务所的罗纳德·程认为，网络诈骗、网络恶意软件、手机欺诈十分猖獗。

　　Under the new rules, companies must be much more careful with data about, or acquired from, individuals in China. 但在网络安全法的保护下，在中国，一旦涉及个人信息，各公司将不得不小心应对。

　　They are required to maintain such data on local servers, and must obtain permission before sending bulk data abroad. 政府要求各公司将这些数据保存至本地服务器，且向境外输送大数据前须获得同意。

　　However reasonable these goals seem, two big worries linger. 然而，无论这些目的看似有多合理，都存在两方面担忧。

　　First, the law is overly broad and mischievously¹⁰ vague. 首先，该法过于宽泛模糊。

　　It provides little guidance on what constitutes “critical information infrastructure”  并未具体明确“关键信息基础设施”

　　(though impact on “social or economic well-being¹¹" is a criterion) and which firms are "network operators" (so even individuals with multiple computers could fall foul¹² of the law). （即使“社会福利或经济福利”的影响可视作标准），也未明确指出哪类公司才算是“网络运营商”（所以即使拥有多台电脑的个人也会与法律冲突）。

1 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

2 intrusive   

adj.打搅的；侵扰的

参考例句：

• The cameras were not an intrusive presence.那些摄像机的存在并不令人反感。
• Staffs are courteous but never intrusive.员工谦恭有礼却从不让人感到唐突。

3 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

4 scrambling   

v.快速爬行( scramble的现在分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞

参考例句：

• Scrambling up her hair, she darted out of the house. 她匆忙扎起头发，冲出房去。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• She is scrambling eggs. 她正在炒蛋。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

6 audits   

n.审计，查账( audit的名词复数 )v.审计，查账( audit的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Requires that use of all bond funds is subject to independent audits. 需要使用的所有债券基金是受独立审计。 来自互联网
• Support the locations during customer-visits, audits and quality-improvement programs. 支持客户参观，稽核和提高品质等项目。 来自互联网

7 inspectors   

n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过，通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 amassed   

v.积累，积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He amassed a fortune from silver mining. 他靠开采银矿积累了一笔财富。
• They have amassed a fortune in just a few years. 他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 rife   

adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的

参考例句：

• Disease is rife in the area.疾病在这一区很流行。
• Corruption was rife before the election.选举之前腐败盛行。

10 mischievously   

adv.有害地；淘气地

参考例句：

• He mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his sister. 他淘气地寻找机会让他的姐姐难堪。 来自互联网
• Also has many a dream kindheartedness, is loves mischievously small lovable. 又有着多啦a梦的好心肠，是爱调皮的小可爱。 来自互联网

11 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

12 foul   

adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规

参考例句：

• Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
• What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气！