经济学人:Bartleby专栏:公司必须克服技能短缺(2)

 　　Patrick Hourigan has spent nearly 12 years at IBM, initially¹ as a systems telecoms engineer and then as a software developer. 帕特里克·胡里根在IBM工作了近12年，起初他是一名系统电信工程师，然后成为了一名软件开发者。

　　Three years ago he moved into the security division and opted² for a course in machine learning and AI. 三年后，他被调到安全部门并选学了机器学习和AI课程。

　　It took him around 50-60 hours over six weeks. "Technology is continuously moving," he says. 六周时间里，他上了近50-60个小时的课程。“科技不断变化。”他说。

　　"Last year's tech becomes a stepping stone to this year's tech." “去年的科技成为了今年科技发展的跳板。”

　　IBM is far from alone in emphasising the importance of training. 在强调培训重要性时，IBM绝非个例。

　　In 2013 AT&T, a telecoms giant, launched a training initiative called Workforce³ 2020. 2013年，电信巨头AT&T推出Workforce 2020培训新方案。

　　Part of the programme was an online platform with a tool allowing employees to analyse hiring trends within the company 该项目中包含一个在线平台，让员工分析公司内部的雇用趋势

　　and find out which skills are needed to qualify for the jobs. 并找出工作中必备的技能有哪些。

　　Together with Georgia Tech, a university, and Udacity, an online education group, AT&T offers a low-cost master's degree in computer science. AT&T、佐治亚理工学院以及一家在线教育公司Udacity联手以低价提供计算机科学硕士学位。

　　As multinational⁴ tech companies, AT&T and IBM have all the capacity they need to offer substantial training programmes. 作为跨国科技公司，AT&T和IBM具备一切提供大量培训方案的能力。

　　Smaller firms may find the prospect⁵ daunting⁶, but the existence of online courses means that it is not beyond their abilities. 小型的公司或许因该类项目的前景而退缩，但是在线课程的存在意味着这类培训是他们力所能及的。

　　And they need to try. American businesses will have to fill an estimated 1.4 m new computing⁷ and engineering jobs by 2020. 并且他们需要去尝试。截止至2020年，美国企业将不得不满足预计140万个新的计算机工程职位。

　　Many companies worry about a shortage of talent in some critical areas. 很多公司担心一些关键领域人才短缺。

　　A recent survey by Enterprise Strategy Group, a market-intelligence firm, found that 市场信息公司，企业策略集团的一份近期调查发现

　　51% of companies were short of cyber-security skills, up from 23% in 2014. 51%的公司都缺乏网络安全技术人才，这种短缺增长于2014年的23%。

　　The problem may be even worse in Europe. 在欧洲，这个问题可能更糟糕。

　　A European Commission report last year found that 15% of workers lacked even basic digital skills, 欧洲委员会去年的一份报告发现15%的员工甚至缺乏基本的数字技能，

　　while 88% of companies had taken no action to deal with the problem. 而88%的公司没有采取任何行动解决该问题。

　　A survey by the Association of International Certified⁸ Professional Accountants found that 国际注册专业会计师协会的一项调查发现

　　a quarter of British workers had received no in-work training in the previous12 months. 四分之一的英国员工在过去12个月内都没有接受过在职培训。

　　Yet managers know that technological⁹ change will require their workers to acquire more skills. 而管理层知道科技的变化将需要他们的员工学习更多的技能。

　　The supply from higher education will be insufficient¹⁰ because of students' subject choices, 由于学生的学科选择，高等教育人才将出现供给不足的现象，

　　and immigration may not be able to solve the problem given the political mood. 考虑到政治情绪原因，移民可能也无法解决这个问题。

　　So firms will have to train workers themselves. The recent increase in spending is only a start. 因此公司必须自己培训员工。该项支出的近期增长只是一个开始。

1 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

2 opted   

v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
• After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。

3 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

4 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

5 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

6 daunting   

adj.使人畏缩的

参考例句：

• They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
• Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。

7 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。

8 certified   

a.经证明合格的；具有证明文件的

参考例句：

• Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
• The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。

9 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

10 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。