经济学人:印度中央银行(2)

 　　The biggest thing Mr Gurumurthy is thought to have helped get done is demonetisation in 2016, 普遍认为古穆绥帮助做成的最大一件事就是2016年的货币废止，

　　when 86% of bank notes by value were abruptly¹ withdrawn² from circulation in an attempt to crack down on undeclared "black money". 当时86%的银行纸币突然停止流通，力图以此打击未经申报的“黑钱”。

　　This, he argues, prevented an economic collapse³ (most Indian economists⁵ reckon it almost caused one). 他争辩称这样做阻止了一场经济崩溃（大部分印度经济学家认为这几乎引发了一次经济崩溃）。

　　He is also thought to be behind a scheme to expand lending to small businesses, and a rejigging of the government's economic-planning department. 人们还认为向小型企业扩贷以及重新调整政府经济计划部门都和他有关。

　　Mr Gurumurthy believes, as he put it in a speech last year, 如他在去年的演讲上所述，他认为

　　that the "the subject of economics is collapsing⁶" and should be replaced by an Indian economics based on Swadeshi (self-reliance). “经济学的主体正在崩塌”，并且应该用以自给自足为基础的印度经济学进代替它。

　　Foreign capital should be kept out; the government should manage finance directly and small businesses should be prioritised over big ones. 外国资本应该被拒之门外；政府应该直接管理金融，小型企业应该优先于大型企业。

　　Western-educated economists who disagree need a "correction" of the mind. 有异议的那些接受西方教育的经济学家需要“更正”他们的想法。

　　Since joining the RBI board Mr Gurumurthy has turned its monthly meetings into day-long slogs, 自加入RBI董事会以来，古穆绥就将RBI的每月例会变成了整日的埋头苦干，

　　as he puts forward these ideas, seemingly with the backing of the government. 他提出这些想法似乎得到了政府的支持。

　　"His being on the board is not merely some symbolic⁷ thing," says Vivek Dehejia of IDFC Institute, a think-tank. “他加入董事会并不仅仅是象征性的，”智囊团IDFC研究所的Vivek Dehejia说道。

　　His appointment was followed in October by the squeezing out of Nachiket Mor, an American-educated economist⁴ who had been attacked by the RSS. 在对他进行任命前的10月，一名美国毕业的经济学家Nachiket Mor遭到排挤，他一直是RSS的攻击目标。

　　Weeks later Viral Acharya, one of the bank's four deputy governors, warned that the government was undermining the bank's independence. 几周后，银行四大副行长之一Viral Acharya警告称政府正在破坏银行的独立性。

　　A paragraph-long statement after the latest board meeting, on November 19th, 11月19日，在近期一次董事会后，一份小篇幅的声明写到，

　　said that the bank would direct more money to small businesses but fudged the biggest question: whether it would hand more cash to the central government. 银行将为小型企业提供更多资金，而对最大的一个问题避而不谈：银行是否会上交更多现金给中央政府。

　　With an election approaching, few think that fight is over. If the government wins, more demands are likely to follow. And one man is sure to be at the front making them. 选举将近，几乎没人认为战争结束了。如果政府获胜，那么接下来会有更多的要求。一定会有一个人在前边提出要求。

1 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

2 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

3 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

5 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 collapsing   

压扁[平]，毁坏，断裂

参考例句：

• Rescuers used props to stop the roof of the tunnel collapsing. 救援人员用支柱防止隧道顶塌陷。
• The rocks were folded by collapsing into the center of the trough. 岩石由于坍陷进入凹槽的中心而发生褶皱。

7 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。