2022年经济学人 美国和欧盟对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁

The world this week -- Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

America and the EU imposed unprecedented¹ sanctions on Russia.

美国和欧盟对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁。

Big Russian banks were expelled from the global-payments plumbing², and Western firms were banned from dealing³ with them, except in the energy trade.

俄罗斯大型银行被逐出全球支付通道，西方公司被禁止与这些银行进行交易，能源贸易除外。

Russia's central bank was barred from tapping most of its $630bn in foreign reserves.

俄罗斯央行6300亿美元外汇储备中的大部分都被禁止动用。

The rouble crashed, and the central bank doubled its main interest rate to 20%.

卢布暴跌，央行将主要利率提高了一倍，达到20%。

Panicked queues formed at cash machines in Russia.

在俄罗斯，恐慌的人们在取款机前排起了长队。

Sanctions were also imposed on oligarchs close to Mr Putin.

与普京关系密切的寡头执政者也受到了制裁。

NATO rejected calls for a no-fly zone over Ukraine, since enforcing it would mean shooting down Russian planes and risking war with a nuclear power.

北约拒绝了在乌克兰上空设立禁飞区的呼吁，因为执行禁飞区意味着要击落俄罗斯飞机，并冒着与核大国开战的风险。

However, Western countries promised to send arms to help Ukraine defend itself.

不过，西方国家承诺提供武器帮助乌克兰自卫。

Even Germany said it would, reversing a long-standing⁴ ban.

就连德国也表示会彻底改变一项长期施行的禁令。

Olaf Scholz, the German chancellor⁵, said that Germany would rapidly boost defence spending to meet the NATO target of 2% of GDP.

德国总理奥拉夫·肖尔茨表示，德国将快速增加国防开支，以达到北约设定的占GDP 2%的目标。

Protesters took to the streets in Russia to decry⁶ the invasion of Ukraine.

俄罗斯抗议者走上街头谴责入侵乌克兰的行为。

The Kremlin responded with arrests and repression⁷, shutting down two of the last independent broadcasters in Russia and ordering all media to take their information about the war from official sources.

克里姆林宫以逮捕和镇压作为回应，关闭了俄罗斯最后两家独立广播公司，并命令所有媒体从官方渠道获取有关战争的信息。

America, the EU and Britain announced new sanctions against officials in Belarus, the launch-pad for the Russian push towards Kyiv.

美国、欧盟和英国宣布对白俄罗斯官员实施新的制裁，白俄罗斯是俄罗斯向基辅推进的跳板。

Belarus held a phoney referendum on letting Russia station nuclear weapons on its soil.

白俄罗斯就允许俄罗斯在其领土上部署核武器举行了一场虚假的全民公投。

In America Democrats⁸ and Republicans found rare agreement over Mr Putin's assault on the global order.

在美国，民主党人和共和党人罕见地就普京对全球秩序的攻击达成了一致。

Members of both parties gave the Ukrainian ambassador a standing ovation⁹ during President Joe Biden's State-of-the-Union speech to Congress.

在美国总统乔·拜登向国会发表国情咨文演讲期间，两党成员起立鼓掌致敬乌克兰大使。

At the UN, 141 countries condemned¹⁰ Mr Putin's invasion.

在联合国，141个国家谴责了普京的入侵。

Besides Russia itself, only four voted against the motion: the dictatorships of Belarus, Eritrea, North Korea and Syria.

除俄罗斯本国外，只有4个国家投了反对票：独裁政权白俄罗斯、厄立特里亚、朝鲜和叙利亚。

Another 35 abstained¹¹, including China and India.

包括中国和印度在内的另外35个国家投了弃权票。

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published an assessment¹² of the effects of global warming.

政府间气候变化专门委员会发表了一份关于全球变暖影响的评估报告。

(Last August it released a review of the latest scientific research on the physics of climate change.)

(去年8月，该委员会发布了一篇关于气候变化物理学的最新科学研究综述。)

The new report confirmed that things are getting worse.

新的报告证实，情况正在恶化。

Very high temperatures, torrential storms, droughts and wildfires are occurring far more often and causing shifts in the timing¹³ of seasons.

极端高温、暴雨、干旱和野火正在更频繁地发生，并导致季节时间的变化。

At least 13 people were killed in Australia when record rainfall caused flooding.

澳大利亚创纪录的降雨引发了洪水，造成至少13人死亡。

Brisbane, the worst-affected city, recorded 790 millimetres of rain in a week.

受灾最严重的城市布里斯班一周内降雨量达790毫米。

By contrast London gets 690 millimetres of rain in an average year.

作为对比，伦敦的平均年降雨量为690毫米。

1 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

2 plumbing   

n.水管装置；水暖工的工作；管道工程v.用铅锤测量（plumb的现在分词）；探究

参考例句：

• She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche. 她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。
• They're going to have to put in new plumbing. 他们将需要安装新的水管。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

4 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

5 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

6 decry   

v.危难，谴责

参考例句：

• Some people will decry this,insisting that President Obama should have tried harder to gain bipartisan support.有些人会对此表示谴责，坚持说奥巴马总统原本应该更加努力获得两党的支持。
• Now you decry him as another Hitler because he is a threat to the controlling interest of oil in the middle east.现在你却因为他对中东石油控制权益构成了威胁而谴责他为另一个希特勒。

7 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

8 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 ovation   

n.欢呼，热烈欢迎，热烈鼓掌

参考例句：

• The hero received a great ovation from the crowd. 那位英雄受到人群的热烈欢迎。
• The show won a standing ovation. 这场演出赢得全场起立鼓掌。

10 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

11 abstained   

v.戒（尤指酒），戒除( abstain的过去式和过去分词 )；弃权（不投票）

参考例句：

• Ten people voted in favour, five against and two abstained. 十人投票赞成，五人反对，两人弃权。
• They collectively abstained (from voting) in the elections for local councilors. 他们在地方议会议员选举中集体弃权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

13 timing   

n.时间安排，时间选择

参考例句：

• The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
• The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。