2022年经济学人 西方企业纷纷撤出俄罗斯

The world this week -- Business

本周国际要闻——商业

Russia's central bank ordered the Moscow stock exchange to close following the invasion of Ukraine.

在入侵乌克兰后，俄罗斯央行下令莫斯科证券交易所关闭。

Trading was halted in certain Russian companies on the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq.

在纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克上市的一些俄罗斯公司被暂停交易。

The value of Russian stocks traded in London tumbled to almost worthless.

在伦敦进行交易的俄罗斯股票价值暴跌，几乎变得一文不值。

The London exchange later suspended dealings in dozens of firms.

伦敦交易所随后暂停了数十家公司的交易。

The Russian finance ministry¹ is to use $10bn from the sovereign-wealth fund to shore up shares in domestic companies.

俄罗斯财政部将从主权财富基金中拿出100亿美元来支撑国内公司的股票。

Sberbank, Russia's biggest, was forced to cease its operations in Europe permanently².

俄罗斯最大银行Sberbank被迫永久停止在欧洲的业务。

Western companies responded to the tough sanctions introduced by America and its allies by retrenching³ from Russia.

西方公司响应美国及其盟友实施的严厉制裁，从俄罗斯撤出。

After three decades in the country, BP is getting rid of its stake in Rosneft (BP could face a $25bn write-down).

在俄罗斯运营了30年的英国石油正在出售其在俄罗斯石油公司（Rosneft）的股份（英国石油可能面临250亿美元的资产减值）。

Shell is ending its joint⁴ ventures with Gazprom.

壳牌将终止与俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（Gazprom）的合资企业。

ExxonMobil said it would pull all its investments in Russian oil and gas.

埃克森美孚（ExxonMobil）表示，将撤出在俄罗斯石油和天然气领域的所有投资。

Total will not make any further investments.

道达尔（Total）不会再进行任何进一步投资。

Outside energy, Maersk and MSC, the world's biggest shipping⁵ lines, suspended services to Russia.

能源领域之外，全球最大的航运公司马士基（Maersk）和地中海航运（MSC）暂停了对俄罗斯的服务。

Apple said it would no longer sell iPhones there.

苹果表示，将不再在俄罗斯销售iPhone。

Daimler Truck, Jaguar⁶ Land Rover and Volvo will not deliver cars to the country; Ford⁷ suspended its Russian operations.

戴姆勒卡车（Daimler Truck）、捷豹路虎（Jaguar Land Rover）和沃尔沃（Volvo）将不会向俄罗斯交付汽车；福特（Ford）暂停了其在俄罗斯的业务。

Dell halted its sales in Russia.

戴尔（Dell）停止了在俄罗斯的销售。

America and the EU banned Russian airlines from their air space.

美国和欧盟禁止俄罗斯航空公司进入其领空。

Sanctions also prohibit the sale or supply of aircraft to Russia, which includes planes that are leased to Russian airlines.

制裁还禁止向俄罗斯出售或供应飞机，其中包括租赁给俄罗斯航空公司的飞机。

Facebook, YouTube and TikTok blocked access to RT (Russia Today) and other Russian propaganda outlets⁸.

Facebook、YouTube和TikTok屏蔽了对RT（今日俄罗斯）和其他俄罗斯宣传机构的访问。

The sporting world also stepped up to the plate.

体育界也开始行动起来。

FIFA and UEFA banned Russian football clubs and the national team from participating in international tournaments; UEFA also terminated its lucrative⁹ sponsorship deal with Gazprom.

国际足联和欧足联禁止俄罗斯足球俱乐部和国家队参加国际赛事；欧足联还终止了与俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司的丰厚的赞助协议。

Roman Abramovich, who was mentioned in the British Parliament as a possible target of sanctions, put Chelsea (disparagingly known as Chelski in London) up for sale.

罗曼·阿布拉莫维奇被英国议会列为可能的制裁目标，他将切尔西（在伦敦被蔑称为切尔斯基）挂牌出售。

He has owned the Premier¹⁰ League side since 2003.

自2003年起，他一直拥有着这支英超球队。

After a U-turn, Russian and Belarusian athletes were banned from the Winter Paralympics.

在经历了180度大转弯之后，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯运动员被禁止参加冬季残奥会。

Oil prices soared, despite a move by America, Europe and others to release a collective 60m barrels of oil from their reserves.

尽管美国、欧洲和其他国家释放了6000万桶石油储备，但油价仍在飙升。

That attempt to tame prices was offset¹¹ by the decision of OPEC+, which includes Russia, to maintain modest production increases for April.

包括俄罗斯在内的欧佩克+决定在4月份保持适度的产量增长，抵消了这些国家为抑制油价所作的努力。

America and other countries have pressed the cartel to ramp¹² up output further.

美国和其他国家已经向欧佩克+这一同业联盟施压，要求其进一步提高产量。

Brent crude reached roughly $115 a barrel.

布伦特原油价格达到每桶115美元左右。

1 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

2 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

3 retrenching   

v.紧缩开支( retrench的现在分词 )；削减（费用）；节省

参考例句：

4 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

5 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

6 jaguar   

n.美洲虎

参考例句：

• He was green with envy when he saw my new Jaguar car.看见我那辆美洲虎牌新车，他非常妒忌。
• Should you meet a jaguar in the jungle,just turn slowly,walk away.But slowly,never look back.你在丛林中若碰上美洲虎，就慢慢转身走开，可一定要慢，切莫回头看。

7 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

8 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

10 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

11 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

12 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。