2022年经济学人 对抗反坦克武器的装备(1)

Science and Technology

科技版块

Anti-anti-tank weapons

反“反坦克”武器

The best defence is a good offence

进攻是最好的防御

How to protect tanks against cheap deadly missiles

如何保护坦克免受廉价、致命导弹的攻击

Russian tanks have been having a torrid time during the invasion of Ukraine.

在入侵乌克兰期间，俄罗斯坦克经历了一段艰难的时光。

According to Oryx, an open-source intelligence blog, at least 153 of them have been destroyed so far, along with 312 armoured vehicles.

根据开源情报博客Oryx的说法，到目前为止，至少有153辆坦克和312辆装甲车被摧毁。

(The figures for the Ukrainian side are 26 and 57 respectively.)

（乌克兰方面的数字分别为26和57。）

Many of these have been blown up by cheap anti-tank guided missiles (atgms) carried by Ukrainian infantry².

其中许多导弹被乌克兰步兵携带的廉价反坦克导弹(ATGM)炸毁。

Western countries have shipped thousands of such weapons to Ukraine, ranging from American Javelins³ via Swedish-designed nlaws to German-made Panzerfaust-3s.

西方国家已经向乌克兰运送了数千件这样的武器，从瑞典设计的美国反装甲标枪到德国制造的铁拳3。

The war has been a powerful demonstration⁴ of the threat they pose to modern armour¹, says Jon Hawkes, a land-warfare guru at Jane's, a British military intelligence firm.

英国军事情报公司简氏公司的陆战专家乔恩·霍克斯说，这场战争有力地证明了它们对现代装甲构成的威胁。

Some Russian tank drivers have resorted to welding scrap-metal cages to their vehicles in a dubious⁵ effort to add extra protection.

一些俄罗斯坦克司机为了增加额外保护，在他们的车辆上焊接废金属笼，这种方法靠不住。

It is ironic⁶ that atgms have proved so effective, since Russi -- and the Soviet⁷ Union before it -- was a pioneer of so-called “active protection systems” (apss) designed specifically to defeat them.

具有讽刺意味的是，事实证明反坦克导弹非常有效，因为俄罗斯——以及之前的苏联——是所谓的“主动防护系统”(apss)的先驱，专门设计来击败反导弹系统。

Unlike armour, which is intended to limit damage to a vehicle if it is hit, apss are there to stop missiles striking in the first place.

装甲旨在限制车辆在被击中时受到的损害，与装甲不同的是，APSS是为了在一开始就阻止导弹袭击。

Armies around the world are experimenting with, and deploying⁸, them.

世界各地的军队都在试验和部署它们。

The war in Ukraine will add urgency to that task.

乌克兰的战争将增加这项任务的紧迫性。

Apss come in two varieties, dubbed⁹ “soft-kill” and “hard-kill”.

APSS有两种类型，分别称为“软杀”和“硬杀”。

Soft-kill systems divert a missile by interfering¹⁰ with its guidance systems--for instance, by dazzling them with infrared¹¹ light or lasers.

软杀系统通过干扰导弹的制导系统来转移导弹的方向——例如，用红外光或激光使导弹眼花缭乱。

Hard-kill systems are intended to destroy missiles in flight.

硬杀系统旨在摧毁飞行中的导弹。

The war in Ukraine shows the limitations of the soft-kill approach, says Jack¹² Watling of the Royal United Services Institute, a think-tank in London.

伦敦智库皇家联合军种研究所的杰克·沃特林表示，乌克兰战争显示了软杀方法的局限性。

“You need a good technical understanding of the system you're trying to defeat.”

你需要对你要击败的系统有很好的技术理解。

The potpourri¹³ of atgms fielded by Ukrainian soldiers comes with many different guidance systems.

乌克兰士兵配备了许多不同的制导系统。

Jamming all of them is impossible.

干扰所有系统是不可能的。

1 armour   

（=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队

参考例句：

• His body was encased in shining armour.他全身披着明晃晃的甲胄。
• Bulletproof cars sheathed in armour.防弹车护有装甲。

2 infantry   

n.[总称]步兵(部队)

参考例句：

• The infantry were equipped with flame throwers.步兵都装备有喷火器。
• We have less infantry than the enemy.我们的步兵比敌人少。

3 javelins   

n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The heavy infantry blocks moved forward, throwing javelins just before the clash. 在正面交火之前，庞大的兵团会整体向前移动并投掷标枪。 来自互联网
• Elite mercenaries, originally from Aragon, armed with javelins and light armour. 加泰罗尼亚标枪兵为精锐雇佣部队，最初来自阿拉贡，装备标枪和轻甲。 来自互联网

4 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

5 dubious   

adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的

参考例句：

• What he said yesterday was dubious.他昨天说的话很含糊。
• He uses some dubious shifts to get money.他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。

6 ironic   

adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的

参考例句：

• That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
• People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。

7 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

8 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

9 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 interfering   

adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词

参考例句：

• He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！
• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

11 infrared   

adj./n.红外线(的)

参考例句：

• Infrared is widely used in industry and medical science.红外线广泛应用于工业和医学科学。
• Infrared radiation has wavelengths longer than those of visible light.红外辐射的波长比可见光的波长长。

12 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

13 potpourri   

n.混合之事物；百花香

参考例句：

• As tobacco cigarette burns,a potpourri of 4000 chemicals is released,including carbon monoxide and hydrocyanic acid.当烟被点燃时，融合了四千种化学品的气体被释放出来，其中包括一氧化碳和氢氰酸。
• Even so,there is a slight odour of potpourri emanating from Longfellow.纵然如此，也还是可以闻到来自朗费罗的一种轻微的杂烩的味道。