2022年经济学人 对抗反坦克武器的装备(2)

But hard-kill systems have problems, too.

但硬杀系统也有问题。

You need sophisticated radar¹ to detect incoming missiles, and precise aim to hit them.

你需要先进的雷达来探测来袭的导弹，并精确瞄准以打击它们。

Anti-tank missiles travel at hundreds of metres a second, so quick reaction times are vital.

反坦克导弹以每秒数百米的速度飞行，因此快速反应时间至关重要。

The Soviet² Drozd system, one of the first hard-kill apss, was initially³ deployed⁴ in the 1980s, in the wake of the ussr’s invasion of Afghanistan.

苏联的Drozd系统是最早的硬杀APSS之一，最初在1980年代部署，在苏联入侵阿富汗之后。

It fired shells full of shotgun-like pellets at incoming missiles.

它向来袭的导弹发射霰弹枪一样的子弹。

Afghanit, Drozd’s most recent successor, is built into Russia’s brand-new t-14 tanks.

Drozd的最新继任者Afghanit被安装在俄罗斯全新的t-14坦克中。

But Russia has struggled to construct enough of these.

但俄罗斯已经努力建造相当多的这些设施。

As best as analysts⁵ can tell, few apss-equipped tanks have so far been sent into Ukraine.

据分析人士所知，迄今为止，几乎没有带有APSS的坦克被派往乌克兰。

The army that is furthest along with hard-kill apss is Israel’s.

硬杀APSS使用最多的是以色列军队。

Its Trophy⁶ system is designed by Rafael, a firm in Haifa, and is fitted to the country’s Merkava tanks.

它的Trophy系统是由海法的拉斐尔公司设计的，并安装在该国的Merkava坦克上。

Trophy fires a tight spread of precisely⁷ aimed projectiles⁸, the idea being to minimise the danger the system poses to nearby friendly infantry⁹.

Trophy发射精确瞄准的密集炮弹，目的是将系统对附近友军步兵造成的危险降到最低。

Israel’s army claims that Trophy has defeated many anti-tank rocket attacks in Gaza—though Mr Hawkes notes that such attacks are probably from older, less sophisticated ATGMs.

以色列军方称，Trophy在加沙击败了许多反坦克火箭袭击——尽管霍克斯指出，这些袭击可能来自较老的、不太先进的反坦克导弹。

Trophy has attracted interest from abroad, too.

Trophy也吸引了国外的兴趣。

America and Germany have equipped some tanks with it and Britain is running trials.

美国和德国已经为一些坦克配备了它，英国正在进行试验。

There are downsides to such defences.

这样的防御措施也有不利之处。

Apss take up weight, space and power -- all precious commodities in a tank.

APSS占据重量、空间和动力——所有这些都是坦克的珍贵指标。

Western tanks, in particular, says Mr Watling, have little room to grow heavier without compromising performance.

沃特林表示，尤其是西方坦克，在不影响性能的情况下，几乎没有增加重量的余地。

And hard-kill systems may protect against only a handful of incoming rounds, since debris¹⁰ from a successful interception¹¹ is likely to damage the delicate radar on which the system relies.

此外，硬杀系统可能只能抵御少数几发来袭的炮弹，因为成功拦截的碎片可能会损坏该系统所依赖的精密雷达设备。

Crafty¹² enemies could rake tanks with machine-gun fire to disable this radar before the fact, says Mr Watling.

沃特林说，狡猾的敌人可以用机关枪扫射坦克，提前使雷达失效。

But a defence does not have to be perfect to be useful.

但防御系统并不一定非得完美才有用。

Mr Hawkes talks of multilayered, “onion-style” defences, in which screening infantry spot threats, smoke can obscure a tank’s location, and armour¹³ then protects the target if all else fails.

霍克斯谈到了多层“洋葱式”防御，在这种防御中，屏蔽步兵的现场威胁，烟雾可以掩盖坦克的位置，如果其他一切都失败了，装甲可以保护目标。

Russia’s experience in Ukraine suggests adding another layer to that onion could prove useful indeed.

俄罗斯在乌克兰的经验表明，在洋葱上再加一层可能确实有用。

1 radar   

n.雷达，无线电探测器

参考例句：

• They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
• Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

2 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

3 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

4 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

5 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

6 trophy   

n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品

参考例句：

• The cup is a cherished trophy of the company.那只奖杯是该公司很珍惜的奖品。
• He hung the lion's head as a trophy.他把那狮子头挂起来作为狩猎纪念品。

7 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

8 projectiles   

n.抛射体( projectile的名词复数 )；（炮弹、子弹等）射弹，（火箭等）自动推进的武器

参考例句：

• These differences are connected with the strong absorption of the composite projectiles. 这些差别与复杂的入射粒子的强烈吸收有关。 来自辞典例句
• Projectiles became more important because cannons could now fire balls over hundreds or yards. 抛射体变得更加重要，因为人们已能用大炮把炮弹射到几百码的距离之外。 来自辞典例句

9 infantry   

n.[总称]步兵(部队)

参考例句：

• The infantry were equipped with flame throwers.步兵都装备有喷火器。
• We have less infantry than the enemy.我们的步兵比敌人少。

10 debris   

n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片

参考例句：

• After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
• Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。

11 interception   

n.拦截；截击；截取；截住，截断；窃听

参考例句：

• Aerial photography can provide valuable information on precipitation, evapotraspiration, interception, and runoff. 航空摄影可提供有关降水量、蒸发蒸腾量、入渗和径流量的有价值的资料。
• Light interception and distribution in hedgerow orchards with different alleyway widths is indicated in Fig. 56. 图56显示篱壁果园不同行间宽度的光能截取和分配的情况。

12 crafty   

adj.狡猾的，诡诈的

参考例句：

• He admired the old man for his crafty plan.他敬佩老者的神机妙算。
• He was an accomplished politician and a crafty autocrat.他是个有造诣的政治家，也是个狡黠的独裁者。

13 armour   

（=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队

参考例句：

• His body was encased in shining armour.他全身披着明晃晃的甲胄。
• Bulletproof cars sheathed in armour.防弹车护有装甲。