2023年经济学人 美银行接连倒闭 美联储恐再难加息

美银行接连倒闭 美联储恐再难加息

    The world this week--Business

    本周国际要闻--商业

    The failure of Silicon¹ Valley Bank, a mid-sized American lender, sent shock waves through the financial system.

    美国中型贷款机构硅谷银行倒闭，引起整个金融体系的强烈反应。

    SVB specialised in offering banking² services to tech startups.

    硅谷银行专为科技初创企业提供银行服务。

    It got into trouble as interest rates rose, the value of its bond holdings plunged⁴ and nervy depositors took out their money.

    因为利率上涨，该行持有的债券价值暴跌，紧张不安的储户取出存款，导致该行陷入困境。

    An attempt to raise capital to plug a shortfall in its finances failed, leading to a run on its deposits and the collapse⁵ of its share price.

    试图筹集资金填补财务缺口的努力没能成功，导致该行存款挤兑与股价暴跌。

    On March 13th HSBC purchased SVB’s British assets for 1 pound, but America’s regulators have struggled to find a buyer for the rest of the bank.

    3月13日，汇丰银行以1英镑的价格收购了硅谷银行英国子公司的资产，但美国监管机构一直在努力为其余的硅谷银行寻找买家。

    Two days after SVB imploded⁶ regulators took control of Signature Bank, which is based in New York.

    硅谷银行倒闭两天后，美国监管机构又对总部位于纽约的签名银行进行了控制。

    The speed and the size of the failures rattled⁷ markets, wiping billions off banking stocks.

    破产的速度和规模震惊了市场，使银行股票蒸发了数十亿美元。

    In a co-ordinated action, the Treasury⁸, the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation stepped in to protect depositors at both banks and set up a facility that allows banks to tap emergency funds.

    在一项联合行动中，美国财政部、美联储和联邦存款保险公司介入保护这两家银行的储户，并设立了一项允许银行动用紧急资金的机制。

    The failure of SVB complicates⁹ the Fed’s path for further monetary¹⁰ tightening¹¹.

    硅谷银行倒闭使美联储进一步收紧货币政策的道路更加复杂。

    It will now have to weigh up stability in the banking system as well as inflationary pressures.

    现在美联储必须权衡银行系统的稳定性和通胀压力。

    The data for February showed annual inflation dropping to 6%, but the core annual rate, which strips out energy and food prices and which economists¹² fret¹³ about now, was almost unchanged at 5.5%, and actually rose over January’s figure.

    2月份的数据显示，年通胀率降至6%，但经济学家现在担心的问题，核心通胀年率，即剔除能源与食品价格后的通胀年率，仍为5.5%，实际上比一月份的利率还要高。

    The labour market is also running hot. Employers created 311,000 jobs in February, well above expectations.

    劳动力市场现在仍然火热。2月份，美国雇主创造了31.1万个就业岗位，远高于预期。

    In the febrile atmosphere, Credit Suisse saw its share price plunge³ by a quarter when its largest investor¹⁴, Saudi National Bank, said it would not increase its stake in the business.

    在狂热的气氛中，瑞士信贷股价暴跌四分之一，其最大投资方沙特国家银行表示不会再增持该公司股份。

    The troubled Swiss bank had to turn to Switzerland’s central bank for support in the market meltdown, and will borrow up to SFr50bn ($54bn) to bolster¹⁵ its liquidity¹⁶ and buy back some of its debt.

    在市场崩盘期间，这家陷入困境的瑞士银行不得不向瑞士央行寻求支持，并将借入高达500亿瑞士法郎(合540亿美元)的资金，以增强资产流动性与回购部分债务。

    Not many countries face inflationary pressures quite like Argentina.

    像阿根廷这样面临通胀压力的国家并不多。

    The official annual inflation rate soared to 102.5% in February, the highest it has been since 1991 and despite price controls on more than 1,700 goods.

    尽管对1700多种商品实行价格管制，但官方的年通胀率在2月飙升至102.5%，为1991年以来的最高水平。

    Saudi Aramco reported an annual net profit of $161bn.

    沙特阿美报告全年净利润为1610亿美元。

    Like others in the oil industry, the company benefited from a buoyant market as demand recovered after the pandemic and prices spiked¹⁷ after Russia invaded Ukraine.

    与石油行业的其他公司一样，随着新冠疫情后需求恢复，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后油价飙升，这家公司受益于蒸蒸日上的市场。

    It thinks that oil demand will grow again this year, as China reopens and the airline industry recovers.

    该公司认为，随着中国的重新开放以及航空业市场复苏，今年石油需求将再次增长。

    Meta is shedding another 10,000 jobs, which come on top of the 11,000 lay-offs it announced last year.

    继去年宣布裁员1.1万人之后，Meta又将裁员1万人。

    The parent company of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp hired too many people during the pandemic and its boss, Mark Zuckerberg, has called 2023 a “year of efficiency”.

    这家脸书、Instagram和WhatsApp的母公司在疫情期间雇佣了过多员工，公司老板马克·扎克伯格将2023年称为“效率年”。

    Markets approve. Meta’s share price has rebounded¹⁸ from its nadir¹⁹ in November.

    市场认同这一说法。Meta的股价已经从11月份的最低点反弹。

1 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

2 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

3 plunge   

v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲

参考例句：

• Test pool's water temperature before you plunge in.在你跳入之前你应该测试水温。
• That would plunge them in the broil of the two countries.那将会使他们陷入这两国的争斗之中。

4 plunged   

v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
• She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

5 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

6 imploded   

v.（使）向心聚爆( implode的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The economies of Brazil and Russia imploded in 1998. 巴西与俄罗斯的经济在1998年宣告破裂。 来自互联网
• A startling number of his nominees for senior positions have imploded. 他所提名的高级官员被否决的数目令人震惊。 来自互联网

7 rattled   

慌乱的，恼火的

参考例句：

• The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
• Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

8 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

9 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

10 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

11 tightening   

上紧，固定，紧密

参考例句：

• Make sure the washer is firmly seated before tightening the pipe. 旋紧水管之前，检查一下洗衣机是否已牢牢地固定在底座上了。
• It needs tightening up a little. 它还需要再收紧些。

12 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

14 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

15 bolster   

n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy.高利率使经济更稳健。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

16 liquidity   

n.流动性，偿债能力，流动资产

参考例句：

• The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
• The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。

17 spiked   

adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的

参考例句：

• The editor spiked the story. 编辑删去了这篇报道。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They wondered whether their drinks had been spiked. 他们有些疑惑自己的饮料里是否被偷偷搀了烈性酒。 来自辞典例句

18 rebounded   

弹回( rebound的过去式和过去分词 )； 反弹； 产生反作用； 未能奏效

参考例句：

• The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
• The ball rebounded from his racket into the net. 球从他的球拍上弹回网中。

19 nadir   

n.最低点，无底

参考例句：

• This failure was the nadir of her career.这次失败是她事业上的低谷。
• The demand for this product will reach its nadir within two years.对此产品的需求在两年内将达到最低点。