2023年经济学人 中国禁止基础设施建设使用美光芯片

中国禁止基础设施建设使用美光芯片

    The world this week--Business

    本周国际要闻--商业

    Britain’s headline rate of annual inflation fell sharply in April, to 8.7%.

    4月份，英国的整体年通胀率大幅下降，降至8.7%。

    But the fall was less than expected, given that last April’s rise in energy prices dropped out of the annual comparison.

    但考虑到这次年度比较剔除了去年4月能源价格的上涨，此次降幅低于预期。

    The core rate of inflation, stripping out energy and food, rose again to 6.8%; food prices were up by 19.1%.

    剔除能源与食品价格后的核心通胀率再次上涨至6.8%; 食品价格上涨19.1%。

    The yield on British government bonds jumped as markets bet that interest rates would increase further.

    英国公债收益率跳涨，因市场押注利率将进一步上调。

    Earlier, Andrew Bailey, the governor of the Bank of England, admitted that there are “big lessons to learn” from the failure of the bank’s economic models to predict the persistence¹ of high inflation.

    早些时候，英国央行行长安德鲁·贝利承认，该行的经济模型没有预测到高通胀的持续性，这是值得吸取的重大教训。

    An updated estimate of Germany’s GDP in the first quarter showed the economy shrinking by 0.3% over the previous three months.

    德国第一季度GDP最新评估报告显示，德国经济前三月萎缩了0.3%。

    That means that Germany is technically² in a recession, as the economy contracted by 0.5% in the fourth quarter of 2022.

    这意味着德国严格按照事实来说处于衰退之中，因为2022年第四季度德国经济收缩了0.5%。

    The European Union slapped a 1.2bn euros(1.3bn dollars) fine on Meta, the owner of Facebook, for breaching³ rules on the transfer of personal data from the EU to America.

    欧盟对脸书的所有者Meta处以12亿欧元(合13亿美元)的罚款，因该公司违规将个人数据从欧盟转移到美国。

    It is the biggest penalty imposed by the EU on a company for privacy violations⁴.

    这是欧盟对侵犯隐私的公司开出的最大罚单。

    The decision gives Meta six months to stop processing data in America that it holds on EU citizens.

    这项裁定禁止Meta处理其在美国持有的欧盟公民数据，为期六个月。

    Meta described the actions as “unjustified” and said it would appeal against the fine.

    Meta称这些行动“不合理”，并表示将对罚款提起上诉。

    China banned memory chips made by Micron, an American company, from being used in the country’s infrastructure⁵ development, a tit-for-tat move in response to America’s prohibition⁶ on Chinese technology.

    中国禁止美国美光公司生产的存储芯片用于该国的基础设施建设，这一针锋相对的举措是为了回应美国对中国技术的禁令。

    China claimed Micron’s chips “posed significant security risks”.

    中国声称美光芯片“构成重大安全风险”。

    America has reportedly asked South Korea to dissuade⁷ Samsung and SK Hynix, which make similar chips to Micron, from filling the gap in the Chinese market that will be left by Micron’s absence.

    据报道，美国已要求韩国阻止三星和SK海力士(这两家公司制造与美光类似的芯片)填补因美光缺席而留下的中国市场的空白。

    TikTok filed a lawsuit⁸ against Montana for its decision to ban the social-media app, the first statewide prohibition of TikTok in America.

    抖音就蒙大拿州禁止这款社交媒体应用软件的裁决提起诉讼，这是美国首个在全州范围内禁止抖音的裁决。

    The Chinese firm argues that the ban is unconstitutional, and that Montana’s claim that TikTok shares data with the Chinese government is based on “unfounded speculation”.

    这家中国公司辩称，这项禁令违宪，而且，蒙大拿州声称抖音与中国政府共享数据是基于“毫无根据的猜测”。

    Apple announced an agreement in which Broadcom, a big American maker⁹ of semiconductors¹⁰, will supply 5G components¹¹ for the iPhone.

    苹果公司宣布了一项协议，美国大型半导体制造商博通将为iPhone提供5G组件。

    Sensitive to claims that it relies on China for the assembly of its devices, Tim Cook, Apple’s chief executive, said that all “of Apple’s products depend on technology engineered and built here” in the United States.

    苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克对苹果依赖中国组装设备的说法很敏感，他表示，所有“苹果的产品都依赖于在美国设计和建立的技术”。

    China overtook Japan as the world’s biggest exporter of cars in the first quarter, mostly because of its expanding production of electric vehicles.

    今年第一季度，中国超过日本，成为全球最大的汽车出口国，这主要得益于中国不断扩大的电动汽车生产。

    China exported more than 1m vehicles in total during the three months, compared with Japan’s 950,000.

    在前三月，中国总共出口了100多万辆汽车，而日本的出口量为95万辆。

1 persistence   

n.坚持，持续，存留

参考例句：

• The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
• He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。

2 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

3 breaching   

攻破( breach的过去式 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
• Third, an agency can abuse its discretion by breaching certain principles of judge-made law. 第三，行政机关会因违反某些法官制定的法律原则而构成滥用自由裁量权。

4 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

5 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

6 prohibition   

n.禁止；禁令，禁律

参考例句：

• The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
• They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。

7 dissuade   

v.劝阻，阻止

参考例句：

• You'd better dissuade him from doing that.你最好劝阻他别那样干。
• I tried to dissuade her from investing her money in stocks and shares.我曾设法劝她不要投资于股票交易。

8 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

9 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

10 semiconductors   

n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。 来自辞典例句
• Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。 来自辞典例句

11 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。