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2023年经济学人 当前移民潮对世界经济的影响(1)

时间:2024-01-30 06:08来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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    Finance & economics

    财经版块

    Exodus1

    大迁徙

    An unprecedentedly2 large wave of mass migration3 is under way.

    一场规模空前的移民潮正在进行中。

    Last year 1.2m people moved to Britain—almost certainly the most ever.

    去年有120万人移居英国,几乎肯定是有史以来最多的一年。

    Net migration (ie, immigrants minus emigrants4) to Australia is twice the rate before Covid-19.

    澳大利亚的净移民(即移入减去移出)是疫情前的两倍。

    Spain’s equivalent figure recently hit an all-time high.

    西班牙的这一数字最近创下历史新高。

    Nearly 1.4m people on net are expected to move to America this year, one-third more than before the pandemic.

    预计今年美国的净移民将接近140万,比疫情前多出三分之一。

    In 2022 net migration to Canada was more than double the previous record and in Germany it was even higher than during the “migration crisis” of 2015.

    2022年,加拿大的净移民数量是之前记录的两倍多,德国的净移民数量甚至超过了2015年“移民危机”期间的水平。

    The rich world is in the middle of an immigration boom, with its foreign-born population rising faster than at any point in history.

    富裕国家正处于移民热潮之中,其外国出生人口的增长速度比历史上任何时期都快。

    What does this mean for the global economy?

    这对全球经济意味着什么?

    Not long ago it seemed as if many wealthy countries had turned decisively against mass migration.

    就在不久前,许多富裕国家似乎还坚决反对大规模移民。

    In 2016 Britons voted for Brexit and then Americans for Donald Trump5, political projects with strong anti-migrant streaks6.

    2016年,英国人投票支持退欧,然后美国人投票支持唐纳德·特朗普,这两种政治方案都带有强烈的反移民倾向。

    In the global wave of populism that followed, politicians from Australia to Hungary promised to crack down on migration.

    在随后的全球民粹主义浪潮中,从澳大利亚到匈牙利的政界人士承诺打击移民。

    Then Covid closed borders.

    然后新冠疫情使国界封闭。

    Migration came to a standstill, or even went into reverse, as people decided7 to return home.

    随着人们决定返回家乡,移民活动陷入停滞,甚至出现逆转。

    Between 2019 and 2021 the populations of Kuwait and Singapore, countries that typically receive lots of migrants, fell by 4%.

    2019年至2021年间,科威特和新加坡这两个通常接收大量移民的国家的人口下降了4%。

    In 2021 the number of emigrants from Australia exceeded the number of immigrants to the country for the first time since the 1940s.

    2021年,澳大利亚移出人数自20世纪40年代以来首次超过移入人数。

    The surge in migration has brought back a sense of normality to some places.

    移民的激增让一些地方恢复了正常的感觉。

    Singapore’s foreign workforce8 recently returned to its pre-pandemic level.

    新加坡的外籍劳动力最近恢复到了疫情爆发前的水平。

    In other places it feels like a drastic change.

    在其他地方,移民更像是一种剧变。

    Consider Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada’s second-smallest province by population.

    以纽芬兰与拉布拉多省为例,这是加拿大人口第二少的省份。

    Long home to people of Irish-Catholic descent—with accents to match—net migration to the province is running at more than 20 times the pre-pandemic norm.

    长期以来,这里的居民是爱尔兰天主教后裔--相应地说话也是爱尔兰口音--现在该省的净移民数量已经是疫情前正常水平的20多倍。

    St John’s, the capital, feels more like Toronto every time you visit.

    每次来到该省首府圣约翰斯,都会给人一种到了多伦多的感觉。

    Heart’s Delight, a small rural settlement, now has a Ukrainian bakery, Borsch.

    这个省里有一个名为“心之愉悦”的小型乡村聚居地,现在这里已经有了一家名为罗宋汤的乌克兰面包店。

    The provincial9 government is setting up an office in Bangalore to help recruit nurses.

    省政府正在印度班加罗尔设立办事处,帮助招聘护士。

    The new arrivals in Newfoundland are a microcosm of those elsewhere in the rich world.

    纽芬兰的新移民是富裕世界其他地区移民的一个缩影。

    Many hundreds of Ukrainians have arrived on the island—a tiny share of the millions who have left the country since Russia invaded.

    数百名乌克兰人已经抵达纽芬兰岛,在俄罗斯入侵后而离开乌克兰的数百万人中,这只是一小部分。

    Indians and Nigerians also appear to be on the move in large numbers. Many speak English.

    印度人和尼日利亚人似乎也在大量迁徙,其中许多人会说英语。

    And many already have family connections in richer countries, in particular Britain and Canada.

    而且许多人已经在较富裕的国家有亲戚,特别是英国和加拿大。

    Some of the surge in migration is because people are making up for lost time.

    移民的激增在一定程度上是因为人们在夺回失去的时间。

    Many migrants acquired visas in 2020 or 2021, but only made the trip once Covid restrictions10 loosened.

    许多移民在2020年或2021年获得签证,但直到疫情管制放松后才启程前往。

    Yet the rich world’s foreign-born population—at well over 100m—is now above its pre-crisis trend, suggesting something else is going on.

    然而,富裕世界的外国出生人口--数量远远超过1亿人--现在高于危机前的水平,这表明还有其他原因。

    The nature of the post-pandemic economy is a big part of the explanation.

    在对移民潮的解释中,后疫情时代的经济本质是很大一部分。

    Unemployment in the rich world, at 4.8%, has not been so low in decades.

    富裕国家的失业率为4.8%,是几十年来最低的水平。

    Bosses are desperate for staff, with vacancies11 near an all-time high.

    老板们迫切需要员工,职位空缺接近历史最高水平。

    People from abroad thus have good reason to travel.

    因此,来自国外的人完全有理由前往富裕国家。

    Currency movements may be another factor.

    汇率变动可能是另一个因素。

    A British pound buys more than 100 Indian rupees, compared with 90 in 2019.

    现在一英镑能兑100多印度卢比,而2019年只能兑90卢比。

    Since the beginning of 2021 the average emerging-market currency has depreciated12 by about 4% against the dollar.

    自2021年初以来,新兴市场货币对美元的平均贬值幅度约为4%。

    This enables migrants to send more money home than before.

    这使移民能够比以前汇更多的钱回国。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 exodus khnzj     
v.大批离去,成群外出
参考例句:
  • The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去,医疗系统面临崩溃。
  • Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战,就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。
2 unprecedentedly f60c6331277f9436b0b8eda77fd4bc21     
adv.空前地
参考例句:
  • The National-Day celebration this year was an unprecedentedly great occasion. 今年国庆日庆祝仪式空前盛大。
  • "This is undoubtedly a good one," the teacher insisted. "Unprecedentedly good! Just listen -- " 洋教师说,“这文章写得当然好,而且绝妙无比,你们听——” 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
3 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
参考例句:
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
4 emigrants 81556c8b392d5ee5732be7064bb9c0be     
n.(从本国移往他国的)移民( emigrant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • At last the emigrants got to their new home. 移民们终于到达了他们的新家。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • 'Truly, a decree for selling the property of emigrants.' “有那么回事,是出售外逃人员财产的法令。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
5 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
6 streaks a961fa635c402b4952940a0218464c02     
n.(与周围有所不同的)条纹( streak的名词复数 );(通常指不好的)特征(倾向);(不断经历成功或失败的)一段时期v.快速移动( streak的第三人称单数 );使布满条纹
参考例句:
  • streaks of grey in her hair 她头上的绺绺白发
  • Bacon has streaks of fat and streaks of lean. 咸肉中有几层肥的和几层瘦的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
7 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
8 workforce workforce     
n.劳动大军,劳动力
参考例句:
  • A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
  • A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。
9 provincial Nt8ye     
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
参考例句:
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
10 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
11 vacancies f4145c86ca60004968b7b2900161d03e     
n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 );空虚;空白;空缺
参考例句:
  • job vacancies 职位空缺
  • The sign outside the motel said \"No Vacancies\". 汽车旅馆外的招牌显示“客满”。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 depreciated 053c238029b04d162051791be7db5dc4     
v.贬值,跌价,减价( depreciate的过去式和过去分词 );贬低,蔑视,轻视
参考例句:
  • Fixed assets are fully depreciated. 折旧足额。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值。 来自辞典例句
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