2023年经济学人 华尔街招聘狂潮回落

 

华尔街招聘狂潮回落

    Finance & economics

    财经版块

    Smaller apple

    苹果变小了

    Wall Street unwinds its hiring binge.

    华尔街招聘狂潮回落。

    It is easy now to point to phenomena¹ that were features of the zero-interest-rate age.

    现在很容易指出之前零利率时代的一些特色现象。

    Ape JPEGs selling for millions of dollars; algorithms pricing and buying homes; 20-something tech workers making “day in the life” TikToks that consisted entirely² of them making snacks.

    猿类非同质化代币售价高达数百万美元，算法用于住房定价和购买，20多岁的科技工作者拍摄的TikTok生活记录视频里，几乎全是他们自己做零食的内容。

    Record-breaking profits at investment banks appear to be another relic³ of the golden age.

    投资银行创纪录的高利润似乎已是黄金时代的另一个遗迹。

    Workers hired to meet roaring demand have been left twiddling their thumbs.

    为满足猛增的需求而被雇佣的员工们，现在闲得抠手。

    Now they are being shown the door.

    现在，他们正被送出公司大门。

    Ahead of releasing their second-quarter earnings⁴, institutions on Wall Street are trimming staff.

    在公布第二季度收益之前，华尔街的机构正在裁员。

    Goldman Sachs culled⁵ 3,200 in the first quarter; on May 30th reports suggested the bank was letting go of another 250—this time mostly from among senior ranks.

    高盛在第一季度裁减了3200名员工，5月30日的报道称，该银行将再裁减250名员工，这一次主要是从高级职位中裁员。

    Morgan Stanley fired 3,000 or so in the second quarter.

    摩根士丹利在第二季度解雇了大约3000人。

    Bank of America has cut 4,000 and Citigroup 5,000.

    美国银行裁员4000人，花旗集团裁员5000人。

    Lay-offs are also plaguing less glamorous⁶ bits of finance.

    金融行业中那些不那么光鲜亮丽的机构也受裁员困扰。

    Accenture and KPMG have both swung the axe⁷.

    埃森哲和毕马威都已经挥舞了裁员的斧头。

    This matters not only for the poor souls handed their belongings⁸ in a cardboard box, but for the city of New York.

    裁员不仅对那些抱着装满个人物品的纸箱的可怜人很重要，对纽约市也很重要。

    Just as tech lay-offs have hurt San Francisco, so finance lay-offs will hurt the Big Apple.

    正如科技行业的裁员伤害了旧金山一样，金融业的裁员也会伤害到大苹果城。

    According to Enrico Moretti, an economist⁹ at the University of California, Berkeley, each of the “knowledge jobs” that make cities like New York and San Francisco successful in turn supports another five service roles—some high-paying (like lawyers), others less so (like baristas).

    根据加州大学伯克利分校的经济学家恩里科·莫雷蒂的说法，让纽约和旧金山等城市繁荣发展的每一个“知识型工作”，都能继而支持另外五个服务型工作：有一些是高薪的(如律师)，另一些则不那么高薪(如咖啡厅服务员)。

    Even if there are not additional firings, Wall Street’s retrenchment¹⁰ will take a toll¹¹.

    即使没有额外的裁员，华尔街的紧缩也会造成损失。

    According to New York’s state comptroller, the average bonus pool shrank by one-fifth in the last financial year, the biggest drop since the global financial crisis of 2007-09.

    纽约州的审计长表示，上一财年，平均奖金池缩水五分之一，为2007-09年全球金融危机以来的最大降幅。

    Although banks did not balloon quite as much as tech firms during the covid-19 pandemic, when online activity surged and working patterns seemed ready to change for good, the axe is cutting almost as deep in places.

    尽管在新冠肺炎大流行期间，当网络活动激增、工作模式似乎准备好永久改变时，银行并没有像科技公司那样膨胀，但在一些地方，裁员的力度几乎和科技行业一样大。

    Meta’s workforce¹² nearly doubled in size between 2019 and 2022; the firm has since let go about half of new additions.

    2019年至2022年间，Meta的员工规模几乎翻了一番，自那以来，该公司已经解雇了大约一半的新增员工。

    Goldman’s workforce expanded by just over one-quarter between the end of 2019 and the end of 2022, from around 38,000 to just over 48,000.

    从2019年底到2022年底，高盛的员工人数只增加了四分之一多一点，从大约3.8万人增加到略高于4.8万人。

    By laying off some 3,450 people the firm has unwound one-third of this increase.

    通过裁员约3450人，该公司已经削减了新增人数的三分之一。

    Other banks have been a little slower to scale back.

    其他银行缩减规模的速度稍慢一些。

    At Morgan Stanley, where employment also leapt by one-third over the same period, just one-eighth of the increase has been unwound.

    在摩根士丹利，员工人数在同一时期也跃升了三分之一，但仅有八分之一的新增人数被削减。

    It is a similar story at Citigroup.

    花旗集团的情况与此类似。

    There have yet to be major lay-offs at JPMorgan Chase, the king of Wall Street.

    号称华尔街之王的摩根大通现在还没有大规模裁员。

    Altogether, job losses might slow New York’s economy a tad—perhaps the market for TriBeCa lofts¹³ will cool—but they will hardly prove a fatal blow to a city of its size and vitality¹⁴.

    总体而言，失业可能会让纽约的经济略微放缓--也许纽约翠贝卡区的loft公寓市场会降温--但对于纽约这种规模和活力的城市来说，很难证明失业会带来致命打击。

    Yet perhaps there is further for the story to run.

    然而，故事可能还未结束。

    Tech-industry lay-offs got going in earnest in 2022, when almost 165,000 jobs were lost.

    科技行业的裁员在2022年开始变得认真，当时几乎失去了16.5万个工作岗位。

    They are now coming thick and fast.

    现在裁员正变快变多。

    Since the start of the year, more than 210,000 jobs have been cut.

    自今年年初以来，科技行业已裁员逾21万人。

    History suggests that firing seasons build momentum¹⁵.

    历史表明，裁员季会形成势头。

    It took years for banks to downsize in the wake of the global financial crisis.

    在全球金融危机之后，银行花了数年时间才缩减规模。

    Just as with the tech companies, lay-offs would need to be several times bigger to return financial firms to their pre-pandemic sizes.

    就像科技公司一样，裁员人数需要增加几倍，才能让金融公司恢复到疫情前的体量。

    Although banks are trimming the fat, they do not yet look lean.

    尽管银行正在瘦身，但它们看起来还并不精干。

1 phenomena   

n.现象

参考例句：

• Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
• The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

2 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

3 relic   

n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物

参考例句：

• This stone axe is a relic of ancient times.这石斧是古代的遗物。
• He found himself thinking of the man as a relic from the past.他把这个男人看成是过去时代的人物。

4 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

5 culled   

v.挑选，剔除( cull的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The herd must be culled. 必须有选择地杀掉部分牧畜。 来自辞典例句
• The facts were culled from various sources. 这些事实是从各方收集到的。 来自辞典例句

6 glamorous   

adj.富有魅力的；美丽动人的；令人向往的

参考例句：

• The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels.南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。
• It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media.这是份苦差，并非像媒体描绘的那般令人向往。

7 axe   

n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减

参考例句：

• Be careful with that sharp axe.那把斧子很锋利，你要当心。
• The edge of this axe has turned.这把斧子卷了刃了。

8 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

9 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

10 retrenchment   

n.节省，删除

参考例句：

• Retrenchment will be necessary. 有必要进行紧缩。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Defense planners predict an extended period of retrenchment. 国防规划人员预计开支紧缩期会延长。 来自辞典例句

11 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

12 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

13 lofts   

阁楼( loft的名词复数 )； （由工厂等改建的）套房； 上层楼面； 房间的越层

参考例句：

• He lofts it into the air, and hugs his head in the deep secret embrace. 他抬手甩了出去，然后赶忙把头紧紧的抱了个密不透风。
• Spring Loaded Bed Loft-Lofts bed, freeing up extra storage space underneath. 弹性床铺抬高器---抬高床铺，释放更多床底下的空间。

14 vitality   

n.活力，生命力，效力

参考例句：

• He came back from his holiday bursting with vitality and good health.他度假归来之后，身强体壮，充满活力。
• He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。

15 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。