2023年经济学人 让免疫系统睡个好觉(2)

 

    For their study, Karine Spiegel at the French National Institute of Health在她们的研究中，法国国家健康与医学研究所的凯琳史匹格and Medical Research and Eve Van Cauter at the University of Chicago speculated that和芝加哥大学的考特推测，

    insufficient¹ sleep might damage the ability of the immune system to react to vaccines³睡眠不足可能会损害免疫系统对疫苗的反应能力，and thus result in fewer circulating antibodies.

    从而导致循环抗体的减少。

    They pooled the results of seven studies in which a total of 603 participants她们汇集了7项研究的结果，在这些研究中，共有603名年龄between the ages of 18 and 60 had had their antibody response to vaccines monitored在18岁至60岁之间的参与者对疫苗的抗体反应进行了监测，and who had also been asked how many hours of sleep they were getting each night.

    并记录了他们每晚的睡眠时间。

    Dr Spiegel found that men showed a strong relationship between insufficient sleep史匹格博士发现，男性在睡眠不足

    (defined as fewer than six hours of kip a day) and antibody response.

    (定义为每天睡眠少于6小时)和抗体反应之间表现出很强的关系。

    The magnitude of the effect, when sleep duration was recorded objectively by a lab当睡眠时间由实验室客观记录，

    rather than self-reported by a patient, was similar to the amount of antibody waning而不是由患者自我报告时，影响的程度与普通人seen in an average person two months after being given the Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 jab.

    在接受辉瑞-生物科技新冠疫苗注射两个月后看到的抗体减弱量相似。

    The vaccines given to sleep-deprived men, therefore, still provided protection因此，给睡眠不足的男性接种疫苗仍能提供保护，but the effect was less potent⁴ from the start and lasted for less time, on average.

    但从一开始效果就不那么有效，平均持续时间也更短。

    The results were published this week in Current Biology.

    研究结果发表在本周的《当代生物学》杂志上。

    Dr Spiegel says that encouraging patients to get plenty of sleep before and after史匹格博士说，鼓励患者在接种疫苗预约前后

    a vaccination⁵ appointment is an ideal way for a medical system to获得充足的睡眠是医疗系统

    maximise its vaccine² stock and ensure that the benefits granted are as large as possible.

    最大化其疫苗储备，并确保所提供的保护尽可能大的理想方式。

    As for why the results in women were not significant, Dr Spiegel and her colleagues theorise至于为什么在女性身上的结果不显著，斯皮格尔博士和她的同事们认为，that sleep affects female response to vaccines too but that hormone⁶ interference,睡眠也会影响女性对疫苗的反应，

    driven by varying stages of the menstrual cycle, contraception and hormone-replacement therapies,但由月经周期的不同阶段、避孕和激素替代疗法所导致的激素干扰，is probably altering immune response in profound and unknown ways that throw off the results.

    可能会以强烈未知的方式改变免疫反应，从而影响结果。

    It is a subject area that urgently needs more attention, argue the researchers.

    研究人员认为，这是一个迫切需要更多关注的学科领域。

    Vaccines are an important tool in the world’s armoury against disease疫苗是世界上对抗疾病的重要工具，

    and there is no getting around the fact that developing and administering them is a difficult and expensive process.

    开发和使用疫苗是一个困难和昂贵的过程，这是无法回避的事实。

    But patients could at least be encouraged to give their immune system a rest before getting jabbed.

    但至少可以鼓励患者在接受注射前让免疫系统休息一下。

    It costs nothing, and could pay considerable dividends⁷.

    它不需要任何成本，还能带来可观的红利。

1 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

4 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

5 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

6 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

7 dividends   

红利( dividend的名词复数 )； 股息； 被除数； （足球彩票的）彩金

参考例句：

• Nothing pays richer dividends than magnanimity. 没有什么比宽宏大量更能得到厚报。
• Their decision five years ago to computerise the company is now paying dividends. 五年前他们作出的使公司电脑化的决定现在正产生出效益。